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Background: Snakebite envenoming is a medical emergency that requires rapid access to essential medicines and well-trained personnel. In resource-poor countries, mapping snakebite incidence can help policymakers to make evidence-based decisions for resource prioritisation. This study aimed to characterise the spatial variation in snakebite risk, and in particular to identify areas of relatively high and low risk, in Eastern Province, Rwanda.
Methods: Snakebite surveillance of people bitten in 2020 was conducted in Eastern Province through household visits and case verification. Geostatistical modelling and predictive mapping were applied to data from 617 villages in six districts to develop sector-level and district-level risk maps.
Results: There were 1217 individuals bitten by snakes across six districts. The estimated population-weighted snakebite incidence in Eastern Province was 440 (95% predictive interval 421 to 460) cases per 100 000 people, corresponding to 13 500 (95% predictive interval 12 950 to 14 150) snakebite events per year. Two sectors in the southwest, Gashanda and Jarama, showed >1500 snakebite events per 100 000 annually. The lowest incidence was observed in the north.
Conclusions: Considerable differences exist in snakebite risk between sectors in Eastern Province, with the highest risk concentrated in the southwest. Policymakers should consider prioritising resources related to snakebite prevention, essential medicines and health worker training in this region.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trae069 | DOI Listing |
J Relig Health
September 2025
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Türkiye.
The study was conducted to investigate the religious coping and psychological resilience levels of women survivors of the earthquake living in temporary shelters after the devastating earthquakes that struck southern and eastern Turkey in 2023. In this cross-sectional study conducted between July 24, 2024, and September 24, 2024, 386 women living in a temporary shelter in a province in the eastern part of Turkey were included. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Religious Coping Scale, and Brief Resilience Scale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
September 2025
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Objectives: Although lung cancer in never smokers (LCNSs) accounts for an estimated 25% of all lung cancer cases, the temporal trends in LCNS incidence and its broader epidemiological patterns remain poorly understood. Our study examines the temporal trends in LCNS incidence and analyses key epidemiological characteristics, specifically, the trends in mortality rates, survival rates and changes in age at onset to illuminate the reasons for temporal trends in LCNS incidence.
Design: Retrospective population-based cohort study.
Nat Aging
September 2025
Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
Beyond their classical functions as redox cofactors, recent fundamental and clinical research has expanded our understanding of the diverse roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) in signaling pathways, epigenetic regulation and energy homeostasis. Moreover, NAD and NADP influence numerous diseases as well as the processes of aging, and are emerging as targets for clinical intervention. Here, we summarize safety, bioavailability and efficacy data from NAD-related clinical trials, focusing on aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Biol Sci
September 2025
School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China.
Between the third and sixth centuries AD (Anno Domini), the Xianbei emerged as a dominant nomadic power in the Eastern Eurasian Steppe, distinguished by their exceptional equestrian culture and the pivotal role of cavalry in warfare. Despite their historical significance, detailed knowledge of their cavalry's weaponry and equipment-particularly armour-remains fragmentary. As a critical element of military technology, armour offers valuable insights into ancient combat strategies and cultural practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMar Environ Res
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Key Laborator
Sri Lanka is uniquely situated at the junction of the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and the Arabian Sea (AS), where phytoplankton community may be strongly influenced by ocean dynamical processes, particularly mesoscale eddies and the East Indian Coastal Current (EICC). Here, to explore these regulatory mechanisms, phytoplankton and physicochemical parameters were collected from the top 200 m water column in the eastern and southern seas of Sri Lanka during the winter monsoon. Results showed higher concentrations of nutrients and phytoplankton abundance within the regions affected by EICC and cyclonic eddy (CE) compared to anticyclonic eddy (ACE).
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