Effects of polysaccharide fractions isolated from the pulp of rose laevigata Michx fruit on the foaming and polarization of RAW264.7 macrophage cells.

The foaming and polarization of macrophages are pivotal in the formation and development of atherosclerosis. This study delved into the structure and membrane pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the neutral polysaccharide fraction (PPRLMF-1), investigating effects of PPRLMF-1 and acid polysaccharide fraction (PPRLMF-2) on the foaming and polarization of RAW264.7 macrophage cells, and exploring their underlying mechanisms. The results elucidated that PPRLMF-1, devoid of a triple-helix conformation, comprised rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1: 4.04: 1.45: 3.91: 10.24: 5.83. The main PRRs of PPRLMF-1 in macrophages were CD36, CR3, TLR2, and TLR4. Comparing to PPRLMF-1, PPRLMF-2 demonstrated a superior ability to transform M0 and M2 phenotypic cells into M1 phenotype. Importantly, compared to PPRLMF-1, PPRLMF-2 exhibits superior ability in improving lipid accumulation and inflammatory state of foam cells, possibly achieved through inhibiting the intake of oxLDL. Consequently, PPRLMF-1 and PPRLMF-2 emerge as potential functional foods to prevent early atherosclerosis.