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We present a scheme of non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensing utilizing stacked, two-wavelength electrically controllable bandpass filters that integrate multiple quantum wells (MQWs) and photonic crystals. By appropriately designing the MQWs and photonic crystals, we realize electrically controllable filters that exhibit symmetric, narrow-band transmittance spectra with high transmittance at two target wavenumbers (1035 cm and 1085 cm) and demonstrate independent modulation of the transmittance at each target wavenumber when the two filters are stacked. In addition, by using the proposed stacked filters, we construct two-wavelength mechanical-chopper-free NDIR systems with a single detector and demonstrate its ability to robustly measure the gas concentration even when the absolute optical power incident on the detector is varied.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.532498 | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev Lett
August 2025
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures and Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing, 210016, China.
Multistate ferroelectric polarization holds promise for realizing high-density nonvolatile memory devices, but so far is restricted to a few traditional ferroelectrics. Here, we show that nanoconfined two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric ice can achieve phase-dependent multistate polarization through extensive classical and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. An in-plane electric field is found to induce the reversible transition between a low-polarization AA-stacked hexagonal ice phase and an unprecedented high-polarization AB-stacked ice phase, resulting in a four-state ferroelectric switching pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNano Lett
September 2025
Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
Precise delivery of nanoliter-scale reagents is essential for high-throughput biochemical assays, yet existing platforms often lack real-time control and selective content fusion. Conventional methods rely on passive encapsulation or stochastic pairing, limiting both throughput and biochemical specificity. Here, we introduce an on-demand nanoliter delivery platform that seamlessly integrates electrical sensing, triggered droplet merging, and passive sorting in a single continuous flow.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Hunan Mingxiang Aviation Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, China.
Flexible spacecraft possess the ability to adapt to complex environments and use energy more efficiently, offering enhanced flexibility and stability in space missions, particularly in tasks with significant external disturbances such as deep space exploration and satellite attitude control. However, vibration suppression in flexible spacecraft remains a critical challenge. This study addresses the problem of vibration suppression in flexible spacecraft systems under external disturbances and input constraints.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
September 2025
Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) provides unprecedented spatiotemporal precision for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), allowing for direct real-time state-specific adjustments. Inspired by findings from optogenetic stimulation in mice, we hypothesized that STN-DBS can mimic dopaminergic reinforcement of ongoing movement kinematics during stimulation. To investigate this hypothesis, we delivered DBS bursts during particularly fast and slow movements in 24 patients with PD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
September 2025
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
Embodied intelligence in soft robotics offers unprecedented capabilities for operating in uncertain, confined, and fragile environments that challenge conventional technologies. However, achieving true embodied intelligence-which requires continuous environmental sensing, real-time control, and autonomous decision-making-faces challenges in energy management and system integration. We developed deformation-resilient flexible batteries with enhanced performance under magnetic fields inherently present in magnetically actuated soft robots, with capacity retention after 200 cycles improved from 31.
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