Antitumor Effects of Combination Therapy with Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus and Tepotinib on Lung Cancer Cells.

Despite advancements in molecular-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the survival rate of patients with advanced lung cancer remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, new and effective treatment strategies are urgently needed. Both mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) inhibitors and oncolytic viruses exhibit immunomodulatory properties along with direct antitumor effects.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of carotegrast methyl in patients with ulcerative colitis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background/aims: Carotegrast methyl is a novel small-molecule drug that inhibits α4 integrin. It is prescribed for up to 6 months in patients with moderate ulcerative colitis who have demonstrated an inadequate response to or intolerance of 5-aminosalicylic acid. However, only a few clinical trials have been conducted to assess its effectiveness.

Relationship between Circulating Vitamin D Concentration and the Maternal Gut Microbiota during Early Pregnancy in Japanese Women: Results of a Pilot Study of Antenatal Vitamin D Supplementation.

Recent studies have demonstrated a significant role for gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of various diseases, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal growth. Vitamin D modulates innate immunity and promotes immune tolerance, suggesting involvement in shaping the gut microbiota. However, the relationship between vitamin D and the gut microbiota during pregnancy has not been evaluated in detail.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Insidiously Progressive, Fatal Interstitial Lung Disease.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cause interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) as a type of immune-related adverse event (irAE). The characteristics of ICI-ILD are diverse. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical features of ICI-ILD, with particular emphasis on insidiously progressive ICI-ILD.

The Role of KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer: Biological Insights, Clinical Implications, and Future Therapeutic Perspectives.

: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with KRAS mutations occurring in 30-40% of cases, contributing to poor prognosis and resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. This review explores the biological significance, clinical implications, and therapeutic targeting of KRAS mutations in CRC. : A comprehensive analysis of the existing literature and clinical trials was performed, highlighting the role of KRAS mutations in CRC pathogenesis, their impact on prognosis, and recent advancements in targeted therapies.

Origins and conservation of topological polarization defects in resonant photonic-crystal diffraction.

We present a continuative definition of topological charge to depict the polarization defects on any resonant diffraction orders in photonic crystal slab regardless they are radiative or evanescent. By using such a generalized definition, we investigate the origins and conservation of polarization defects across the whole Brillouin zone. We found that the mode crossings due to Brillouin zone folding contribute to the emergence of polarization defects in the entire Brillouin zone.

Decompensated Cirrhosis with Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in a Patient with Interrupted Treatment for Hypopituitarism.

A 32-year-old man presented with cirrhosis. At 8 years of age, he underwent resection of a craniopharyngioma, which resulted in panhypopituitarism. He underwent self-interrupted hormone replacement therapy at 20 years of age.

Successful Remission of Refractory Rheumatoid Pleural Effusion and Arthritis Using Sarilumab: A Case Report.

Rheumatoid pleural effusion (RPE) is a rare complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with no sufficiently established treatment. Sarilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-6 receptors, is widely used to treat RA. Here, we present the case of a 68-year-old man with refractory RA and RPE, who was successfully treated with sarilumab.

Prevalence and clinical features of interstitial lung disease in patients with psoriasis.

Background: Despite the autoimmune nature of psoriasis, the potential association between psoriasis and interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and clinical features of ILD in patients with psoriasis and propose a new conceptual framework of "ILD associated with psoriasis".

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 117 patients with psoriasis was conducted, excluding those without chest imaging prior to methotrexate or biologic use and those with other comorbidities leading to ILD.

Initial adjustments in the dosage and rest period of gemcitabine plus cisplatin therapy for patients with incurable biliary tract cancer based on baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values may be crucial for treatment outcomes and the preservation of renal function.

Background: Gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (CDDP) combination therapy (GC therapy) is the standard 1st-line regimen for incurable biliary tract cancers (BTCs). However, the correlation between dynamic changes in renal function and the outcomes of GC therapy remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the association between renal function alterations and treatment outcomes after GC therapy.

Decortication with uniport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for empyema due to postoperative esophageal leakage: a report of two pediatric cases.

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is considered useful for the treatment of parapneumonic empyema in children. However, thoracoscopic management of empyema due to esophageal leakage as an operative complication has not been well described in the literature.

Case Presentation: We successfully decorticated severe empyema using uniport VATS in 2 children (a 2-year-old boy who suffered esophageal perforation after laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery, and a 7-month-old girl who had anastomotic leakage after thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia).

Establishment of lung cancer cell lines and tumorigenesis in mice from malignant pleural effusion in patients with lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer was often diagnosed by malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Excessive MPE is generally discarded. The establishment of cell lines and the generation of cancer mouse models have the potential to be directly linked to personalized medicine.

Successful treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease with filgotinib: A case report on janus kinase 1 inhibition.

Filgotinib, a janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor, is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is a severe RA complication with no established effective treatment. We report the case of a patient with RA-ILD successfully treated with filgotinib.

Deciphering the association between biopsy-confirmed systemic small vessel vasculitis and Epstein-Barr virus-positive polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferation.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with various lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). Additionally, EBV infection has correlated with diverse autoimmune diseases. However, the association between EBV and systemic small vessel vasculitis (SVV) remains controversial.

A machine learning model for predicting the lymph node metastasis of early gastric cancer not meeting the endoscopic curability criteria.

Background: We developed a machine learning (ML) model to predict the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) who did not meet the existing Japanese endoscopic curability criteria and compared its performance with that of the most common clinical risk scoring system, the eCura system.

Methods: We used data from 4,042 consecutive patients with EGC from 21 institutions who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and/or surgery between 2010 and 2021. All resected EGCs were histologically confirmed not to satisfy the current Japanese endoscopic curability criteria.