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Precise delivery of nanoliter-scale reagents is essential for high-throughput biochemical assays, yet existing platforms often lack real-time control and selective content fusion. Conventional methods rely on passive encapsulation or stochastic pairing, limiting both throughput and biochemical specificity. Here, we introduce an on-demand nanoliter delivery platform that seamlessly integrates electrical sensing, triggered droplet merging, and passive sorting in a single continuous flow. Leveraging impedance-based content detection, the system selectively identifies target droplets and initiates electrocoalescence-based fusion only when specific biochemical criteria are met. Fused nanoliter droplets are then sorted via size-dependent hydrodynamic deflection, enabling energy-free enrichment. Applied to bacterial screening, the system accurately distinguishes metabolically active droplets and could achieve over 6000 events per minute with postfusion purity exceeding 92%. This platform provides a label-free, high-precision solution for programmable nanoliter delivery, offering broad potential for drug discovery, synthetic biology, and single-cell analysis applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c02928 | DOI Listing |
Nano Lett
September 2025
Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
Precise delivery of nanoliter-scale reagents is essential for high-throughput biochemical assays, yet existing platforms often lack real-time control and selective content fusion. Conventional methods rely on passive encapsulation or stochastic pairing, limiting both throughput and biochemical specificity. Here, we introduce an on-demand nanoliter delivery platform that seamlessly integrates electrical sensing, triggered droplet merging, and passive sorting in a single continuous flow.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
August 2025
School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Precise and quantitative fluid addition is essential for maintaining consistency in volume and concentration across various applications including pharmaceuticals, food production, and biochemical research. Microfluidic droplet technology has emerged as a versatile microreactor for manipulating nanoliter- to picoliter-scale droplets, offering advantages such as reduced reagent consumption, faster reactions, and enhanced sensitivity. Among these, microfluidic droplet injection technology has shown promise for precise reagent addition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLab Chip
December 2024
School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
The paper demonstrates an adaptation of a Prusa Mini+ 3D printer through the integration of 3D printed modules, creating a system capable of producing varied droplets from multiple Eppendorf tubes. Building upon our previous model, this system enhances calibration methodology enabling any fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer to produce mono-disperse droplets (coefficient of variance (CV%) <2% for train of 100 droplets) with 6900 assays per hour rate. The cost of the developed system is 85% lower than that of existing droplet generation solutions on the market, and 30% more economical than the previous iteration of the system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
November 2024
Joint Laboratory of Optofluidic Technology and Systems, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
RSC Adv
August 2024
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University Linnéstraße 3 04103 Leipzig Germany
Droplet microfluidics provides an efficient method for analysing reactions within the range of nanoliters to picoliters. However, the sensitive, label-free and versatile detection with ESI/MS poses some difficulties. One challenge is the difficult association of droplets with the MS signal in high-throughput droplet analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF