The international expert consensus on management of external auditory canal carcinoma.

Purpose: The objective of this consensus is to provide otolaryngologists with appropriate strategies in the management of external auditory canal (EAC) carcinoma.

Methods: In the absence of randomized controlled trials, the consensus is based on expert opinions utilizing the Rand/UCLA appropriateness method [Fitch and Aguilar in The RAND/UCLA appropriateness method user's manual, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 2001], drawing from existing literature and clinical experience.

Results: The management recommendations are structured around 12 key areas, including: definition and pathology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, work-up, tumor staging system, surgical management of primary tumor, surgical management of the parotid gland and the temporomandibular joint, lymph node metastasis, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, reconstruction, and follow-up.

Conclusion: Management strategies for EAC carcinoma rely on tumor extension and histopathological features. Surgical removal with free surgical margins or combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy are most often the best options. Given the rarity of the disease, prospective, randomized, multi-institutional clinical trials should be designed to enable reliable comparisons of the outcomes of EAC carcinoma treatments, thereby providing evidence-based clinical data to establish widely accepted guidelines. It emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary team to be involved in the management of EAC carcinoma, and regular follow-up should be implemented postoperatively.