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Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis globally, is characterized by mesangial IgA deposition and heterogeneous clinical trajectories. Historically, management relied on renin-angiotensin system inhibition and empirical immunosuppression, yet high lifetime kidney failure risk persists despite optimized care. This review synthesizes advances in molecular pathogenesis, highlighting how the traditional multi-hit hypothesis-while foundational for targeted therapy development-fails to capture IgAN's recurrent, self-amplifying nature.

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Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), particularly , are one of the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) affecting crop production worldwide. Previous earlier study revealed that calcinated oyster shell powder (OSP) possessed excellent suppression of tobacco RKN disease. However, the suppression mechanism of OSP against RKNs still remains unrevealed.

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Background: Increasing evidence suggests a potential role of the gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the relationship between the gut microbiome (GM) and PD dementia (PDD) remains debated, with their causal effects and underlying mechanisms not yet fully understood.

Methods: Utilizing data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs), this study applied bidirectional and mediating Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship and underlying mechanisms between the GM and PDD.

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Background: Emerging evidence indicates that lactase-mediated histone lactylation can activate osteogenic gene expression and promote bone formation. However, the role of lactylation-related genes (LRGs) in osteoporosis (OP) remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the key roles of LRGs and the molecular mechanisms of related biomarkers in OP.

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Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is one of the most common causes of childhood dementia. NCL type 5 is characterized by epileptic seizures, cognitive decline, and progressive vision loss. Whole exome sequencing was performed, and the identified variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

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