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Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common emergency presentation that can lead to death if left untreated. While catheter pulmonary angiography was the gold standard, ventilation/perfusion studies were the preferred non-invasive diagnostic test for PE. Lawsuits from this era focused on the diagnostic uncertainty created by V/Q scan reports, which are graded by probability of PE. After multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) became widespread, the focus of lawsuits shifted away from the content of the report and towards implying negligence for not ordering imaging. Due to a confluence of factors, including the evolving medicolegal environment, clinicians chose CT as the modality of choice.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2024.08.049 | DOI Listing |
Eur Radiol Exp
September 2025
Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Background: Lung lobe segmentation is required to assess lobar function with nuclear imaging before surgical interventions. We evaluated the performance of open-source deep learning-based lung lobe segmentation tools, compared to a similar nnU-Net model trained on a smaller but more representative clinical dataset.
Materials And Methods: We collated and semi-automatically segmented an internal dataset of 164 computed tomography scans and classified them for task difficulty as easy, moderate, or hard.
Exp Physiol
September 2025
Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Following acute COVID-19 infection, unvaccinated patients have been reported to exhibit elevated alveolar deadspace (̇V/̇V) and intrapulmonary shunt (̇Q/̇Q) fractions. However, as there is uncertainty surrounding the upper limits of normal for ̇V/̇V and ̇Q/̇Q, we sought to replicate the findings from a separate, previously reported cohort of COVID-19 patients that also included a healthy control group never infected with COVID-19. Data from 81 participants, classified into four different groups based on the severity of prior COVID-19 infection, were used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiother Oncol
September 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States. Electronic address:
Purpose: Methods have been developed that apply image processing to 4-Dimension computed tomography (4DCT) to generate lung ventilation (4DCT-ventilation). Traditional methods for 4DCT-ventilation rely on density-change methods and lack reproducibility and do not provide 4DCT-perfusion data. Novel 4DCT-ventilation/perfusion methods have been developed that are robust and provide 4DCT-perfusion information.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife (Basel)
August 2025
Pulmonology Unit, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Background: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare histiocytic hematological disorder that frequently involves the lungs. Due to a lack of data about sex-related differences in LCH, the aim of this study is to evaluate sex-related differences in pulmonary function in a cohort of patients with LCH.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 79 adult patients diagnosed with LCH.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs
August 2025
Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disorder caused by a point mutation in the gene, leading to the production of sickle hemoglobin (HbS). Under hypoxic or acidic conditions, HbS polymerizes within erythrocytes, leading to a series of downstream events resulting in tissue ischemia. Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a severe and often life-threatening complication of SCD and the leading cause of intensive care unit admission and mortality in children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF