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Modern intensive care for moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) focuses on managing intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). This approach lacks robust clinical evidence and often overlooks the impact of hypoxic injuries. Emerging monitoring modalities, particularly those capable of measuring brain tissue oxygen, represent a promising avenue for advanced neuromonitoring. Among these, brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO) shows the most promising results. However, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the interpretation of PbtO in clinical practice. This review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiological rationales, monitoring technology, physiological determinants, and recent clinical trial evidence for PbtO monitoring in the management of msTBI.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccrj.2024.05.003 | DOI Listing |
Int J Emerg Med
September 2025
Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy is a rare but severe neurological disorder characterized by rapid onset of fever, altered mental status, seizures, and multifocal brain lesions, particularly involving the thalami and brainstem. Often triggered by viral infections, its pathogenesis involves a hyperinflammatory response, resulting in blood-brain barrier disruption and necrosis of neural tissue. While influenza and herpesviruses are common etiological agents, adenovirus is a less frequently reported cause.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neuroendocrinol
September 2025
Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
In most species, individuals must be able to identify threats, peers, and potential mates to survive. The distinction of kin from non-kin and novel conspecifics from familiars is essential to the successful categorization of these identities. Although oxytocin (OXT) signaling has been implicated in social recognition, little is known about the contributions of distinct OXT-producing cell groups to distinguishing conspecific type.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropsychopharmacol Rep
September 2025
Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
Controlling for confounding factors in postmortem brain studies of psychiatric disorders is crucial, particularly in gene expression analyses. Potential confounding factors include sex, age at death, medication history, agonal state, postmortem interval (PMI), tissue storage duration, tissue pH, and RNA integrity number (RIN). pH and RIN are considered particularly important in gene expression analysis because they accurately reflect mRNA quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFree Radic Biol Med
September 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address:
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumor, is associated with dismal clinical outcomes and a critical lack of actionable therapeutic targets. Herein, we report that Hypermethylated in Cancer 2 (HIC2) is significantly downregulated in GBM tissues. In vitro, ectopic overexpression of HIC2 markedly suppresses GBM cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while in vivo, it substantially inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival in an orthotopic xenograft model (p < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
September 2025
Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull (IQS-URL), Via Augusta 390, Barcelona, 08017, Spain. Electronic address:
Glyphosate (GLY) is the most widely used herbicide globally and is frequently detected in aquatic environments at low concentrations, raising concerns about its potential long-term effects on non-target organisms. However, the systemic metabolic disruptions of chronic GLY exposure in aquatic vertebrates remain poorly understood, especially at environmentally relevant concentrations. This study investigates the metabolic disruptions of GLY exposure in zebrafish (D.
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