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Due to their excellent light transmission, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, and other characteristics, transparent materials have been widely used in emerging industries such as aviation, aerospace, microelectronics, interconnected communication, etc. Compared with the traditional mechanical processing and chemical processing of transparent materials, laser processing, with such characteristics as a high peak power, high energy density, and non-contact processing, has a lot of obvious advantages in processing efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, some of the recent research advancements concerning the laser processing of transparent materials are introduced in detail. Firstly, the basic mechanism of the interaction between the laser and material is briefly summarized on the time scale. The differences in principle between nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond pulse laser processing are analyzed. Then, the main technical means of the nanosecond laser processing of transparent materials are summarized. Next, the main application directions of the ultrafast laser processing of transparent materials are discussed, including the preparation of optical waveguide devices, periodic structure devices, micropores, and microchannels. Finally, this paper summarizes the prospects for the future development of laser processing transparent materials.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15091101 | DOI Listing |
JB JS Open Access
September 2025
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
Background: Academic integrity is a cornerstone of scientific research. However, increasing competition may cause applicants seeking competitive positions to report their research contributions inaccurately. An orthopaedic research fellowship offers substantial value for medical students and recent medical graduates to strengthen their applications for a residency position.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Res Toxicol
September 2025
C.F.E.B Sisley Paris, 32 Avenue des Béthunes, 95310 Saint Ouen L'Aumône, France.
The development of alternative methods to animal testing has gained momentum over the years, including the rapid growth of methods, which are faster and more cost-effective. A large number of tools have been published, focusing on Read-Across, (quantitative) Structure-Activity Relationship ((Q)SAR) models, and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. All of these methods play a crucial role in the risk assessment for cosmetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Eng Phys
October 2025
Biomedical Device Technology, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address:
Deep learning approaches have improved disease diagnosis efficiency. However, AI-based decision systems lack sufficient transparency and interpretability. This study aims to enhance the explainability and training performance of deep learning models using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques for brain tumor detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
September 2025
University Hohenheim, Department of Process Analytics and Cereal Science, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants with increasing prevalence in agricultural soils, primarily introduced through biosolid application, wastewater irrigation, and atmospheric deposition. This review provides a meta-analysis of terminologies across 145 peer-reviewed studies, identifying inconsistency in the classification of PFAS subgroups-such as "long-chain vs. short-chain," "precursors," and "emerging PFAS"-which hinders regulatory harmonization and model calibration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosurgery
September 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
The integration of mobile health (mHealth) technologies is transforming neurosurgery. Despite its potential, many uses remain unrealized due to the unique challenges and complexity of developing mHealth technology. While neurosurgeons bring invaluable clinical expertise and an understanding of patient needs, the technical intricacies of application development often require collaboration with developers and computer scientists, a process that can feel unfamiliar and difficult to navigate.
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