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http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2024.09.002 | DOI Listing |
J Infect Dev Ctries
August 2025
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Background: Pneumonia with an empyema caused by anaerobic bacteria is rare but can be life-threatening, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Case Presentation: A 67-year-old man with diabetes and hypertension who presented with pneumonia and pleural effusion and was unresponsive to initial broad-spectrum antibiotics is presented. Next-generation sequencing identified Parvimonas micra and other pathogens.
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication in advanced cancer, often causing significant dyspnea. We present a case of a 57-year-old woman with recurrent MPE who was managed with intrapleural triamcinolone acetate. The intervention delayed fluid reaccumulation by 15 days and improved her symptoms and functional status, with no adverse effects observed.
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September 2025
Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ.
Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) occurs in 4%-12% of patients with cirrhosis and rarely presents without accompanying evidence of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH). We report the case of a 65-year-old man with cirrhosis without prior decompensation, congestive heart failure, and recurrent right-sided pleural effusion. CSPH was not otherwise observed despite thorough laboratory, radiologic, and endoscopic evaluation.
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August 2025
Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.
Hydralazine is an antihypertensive that can induce immune-related adverse effects, such as hydralazine-induced lupus and hydralazine-induced antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). AAV involves necrotizing inflammation of small blood vessels, manifesting as fever, malaise, arthralgia, and myalgia, potentially leading to organ failure. Diagnosis includes clinical evaluation, serological testing for ANCA, and histopathological examination, confirmed by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in affected tissues.
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August 2025
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maa N Baby Hospital, Surat, IND.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is commonly described in individuals recovering from immunosuppression, particularly in HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. However, a similar rebound phenomenon can occur postpartum, a period marked by a shift from an immunotolerant to a pro-inflammatory state. IRIS in this context is underrecognized and may present atypically, complicating timely diagnosis.
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