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Article Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus is among the most important ectoparasites for livestock. The use of synthetic acaricides has raised some concerns due to the selection of tick populations that are resistant to acaricides and environmental contamination. Therefore, plant extracts have been used as alternatives for the treatment of animals infested with ticks. In this study, R. microplus populations from seven different dairy farms were collected and assessed for their resistance to the acaricides cypermethrin or trichlorfon. Larvae of the most resistant population were used in assays to evaluate the acaricide effect of leaf extracts from plants of the Brazilian savanna. The most active extracts were also tested against fully engorged females. Among seven tick populations, five and three showed resistance level ≥ III for cypermethrin or trichlorfon, respectively. The most resistant tick population was evaluated in mortality assays with the plants Piptadenia viridiflora, Annona crassiflora, Caryocar brasiliense, Ximenia americana, and Schinopsis brasilienses. The ethanolic extracts of C. brasiliense, X. americana and S. brasilienses showed higher larvicidal effects in comparison to the other extracts and cypermethrin. The ethanolic extract of X. americana showed 60.79 % efficacy against fully engorged females of the acaricide resistant tick strain. The ethanolic extracts of C. brasiliense, X. americana, and S. brasilienses showed peaks in HPLC-DAD, indicating the presence of tannins and flavonoids. Three of the plants showed promising results and should be explored in further studies to develop novel tools to control R. microplus in cattle.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110281 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- The melon fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) and pumpkin fruit fly (Bactrocera tau) are invasive pests that significantly affect cucurbit crops, and their susceptibility to five insecticides was tested.
- Trichlorfon was found to be the most effective insecticide, significantly reducing the lifespan and reproductive capacity of both fruit fly species when exposed to sublethal doses.
- While sublethal concentrations affected survival and fecundity, they did not impact egg hatchability; however, some ovarian development metrics were decreased, suggesting potential long-term effects on reproduction.