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Due to the widespread use of high-resolution sonography, numerous thyroid nodules are diagnosed, often as incidental findings. The challenge lies in evaluating various criteria such as size, shape, and echogenicity to assess the nodules' malignancy risk. Risk stratification systems have been developed to enable systematic assessment as well as to avoid unnecessary medical interventions and malignant findings being overlooked. This article provides an overview of the current diagnostic standards in primary assessment of thyroid nodules.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00106-024-01502-2 | DOI Listing |
BMC Endocr Disord
September 2025
Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, 62514, Egypt.
Background: Thyroid nodules (TNs) are frequent and often benign. Accurately differentiating between benign and malignant nodules is crucial for proper management. This research aims to use ultrasonography to examine TNs and identify possible risk factors in order to improve patient outcomes and diagnostic accuracy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Surg
September 2025
Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Electronic address:
Introduction: Evaluating indeterminate thyroid nodules(ITN) is challenging, especially without molecular tests. This study examines whether artificial intelligence (AI) assistance can improve ITN diagnostic accuracy and bridge expertise gaps in surgeon-performed ultrasound.
Methods: 134 ultrasound clips from 67 patients with ITN were reviewed by doctors of four levels: endocrine-surgery specialist, senior residents, junior residents, and medical student.
Virchows Arch
September 2025
Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, #685 Huancheng North Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
The spindle cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is exceptionally rare and poses significant diagnostic challenges due to its morphological overlap with other spindle cell lesions of the thyroid. We report a novel case of spindle cell variant PTC in a 66-year-old woman presenting with a TI-RADS 4 thyroid nodule, initially classified as Bethesda III on fine-needle aspiration. Histopathological examination revealed a biphasic tumor composed predominantly of bland spindle cells arranged in solid sheets and fascicles, admixed with entrapped thyroid follicles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
August 2025
General Surgery, Saqr Hospital, Emirates Health Services, Ras Al Khaimah, ARE.
Introduction: The widespread utilization of neck ultrasound (US) by family physicians for the investigation of non-specific neck symptoms, as well as by endocrinologists and general surgeons for symptomatic thyroid problems, has led to an increase in the detection of nonpalpable thyroid nodules. This presents challenges and dilemmas regarding the decision to perform fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The routine use of cytology is often considered unnecessary, costly, and inconvenient for patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
September 2025
Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
This research aimed to investigate the preoperative risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) using clinical, pathological, serological, ultrasound, and radiomics characteristics. Additionally, it aimed to explore the diagnostic precision of ultrasound (US) for MTC and LNM. A retrospective analysis of 111 nodules was eligible from 104 patients from January 1, 2000, to December 28, 2024.
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