PepBinding: A Workflow for Predicting Peptide Binding Structures by Combining Peptide Docking and Peptide Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Predicting protein-peptide interactions is crucial for understanding peptide binding processes and designing peptide drugs. However, traditional computational modeling approaches face challenges in accurately predicting peptide-protein binding structures due to the slow dynamics and high flexibility of the peptides. Here, we introduce a new workflow termed "PepBinding" for predicting peptide binding structures, which combines peptide docking, all-atom enhanced sampling simulations using the Peptide Gaussian accelerated Molecular Dynamics (Pep-GaMD) method, and structural clustering. PepBinding has been demonstrated on seven distinct model peptides. In peptide docking using HPEPDOCK, the peptide backbone root-mean-square deviations (RMSDs) of their bound conformations relative to X-ray structures ranged from 3.8 to 16.0 Å, corresponding to the medium to inaccurate quality models according to the Critical Assessment of PRediction of Interactions (CAPRI) criteria. The Pep-GaMD simulations performed for only 200 ns significantly improved the docking models, resulting in five medium and two acceptable quality models. Therefore, PepBinding is an efficient workflow for predicting peptide binding structures and is publicly available at https://github.com/MiaoLab20/PepBinding.