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After touching the design collision luminosity of 1.0 × 1033 cm-2 s-1 in 2016, this target has not been reached again for the upgrade of Beijing Electron-Positron Collider during physical collision operation in subsequent years due to various factors, such as the collision background, noise, and equipment stability under high power operation. One of the most serious factors was the beam instability, especially the coupled-bunch instability, whose sideband distribution was clearly displayed on the spectrum analyzer when the feedback system was OFF. Experimental measurements on coupled-bunch instability and the damping from the feedback system were carried out over the past two years. These measurements were conducted by transiently turning off/on the feedback system, and the bunch-by-bunch oscillations were recorded to obtain the mode distribution and growth and damping rates. The experimental results demonstrate that the feedback damping is strong enough to suppress instability, and precise adjustments to the feedback system during physical collision operation can increase the collision luminosity, which has been verified in last year's physical run.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0219059 | DOI Listing |
Cell Rep
September 2025
Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Biology of Adversity Project, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Elect
The neural control of breathing is both dynamic and essential, ensuring life-sustaining gas exchange while protecting the respiratory system from harm. Peripheral neurons innervating the respiratory tract exhibit remarkable diversity, continuously relaying sensory feedback to the brain to regulate breathing, trigger protective reflexes such as coughing and sickness behaviors, and even influence emotional states. Understanding this airway-brain axis is especially critical given the increasing global burden of respiratory diseases, as it holds implications for both human health and broader brain-body interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrit Rev Anal Chem
September 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, India.
The miniaturization of separation platforms marks a transformative shift in analytical science, merging microfabrication, automation, and intelligent data integration to meet rising demands for portability, sustainability, and precision. This review critically synthesizes recent technological advances reshaping the field-from microinjection and preconcentration modules to compact, high-sensitivity detection systems including ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis), fluorescence (FL), electrochemical detection (ECD), and mass spectrometry (MS). The integration of microcontrollers, AI-enhanced calibration routines, and IoT-enabled feedback loops has led to the rise of self-regulating analytical devices capable of real-time decision-making and autonomous operation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Pharm Educ
September 2025
University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine. Electronic address:
Grades profoundly shape student approaches to learning, yet traditional points-based systems are often misaligned with educational goals. Specifications grading has emerged as a viable alternative that promotes mastery learning, transparency, and rigor. This grading approach replaces numerical points with clearly defined, pass/fail criteria tied to course outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Pharmacol
August 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
μ-Opioid receptor (MOR) agonists are a mainstay in acute pain management. However, they also produce adverse effects and are frequently misused, increasing susceptibility for opioid use disorder. Thus, a strategy for improving the safety of opioid analgesics is needed.
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