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Within the realm of consciousness research, different methods of measuring the content of visual awareness are used: On the one hand, subjective measures require a report of sensory experiences related to a stimulus. On the other hand, objective measures rely on the observer's performance to accurately detect or discriminate the stimulus. The most appropriate measure of awareness is currently debated. To contribute to this debate, we review findings on the relation between subjective and objective measures of awareness. Although subjective measures sometimes lag behind objective measures, a substantial number of studies demonstrates a convergence of measures. Based on the reviewed studies, we identify five aspects relevant for achieving a convergence of measures. Future research could then identify and empirically test the boundary conditions, under which a convergence or divergence of subjective and measures of awareness is observed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/joc.381 | DOI Listing |
BMC Public Health
September 2025
Department of Social and Health Sciences in Sport, Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
Background: Sedentary behavior (SB) and the absence of physical activity (PA) have become increasingly prevalent in modern societies due to changes in physical and social-environmental conditions, particularly in university students. This cross-sectional study aimed to describe and identify the prevalence and correlates of self-reported and accelerometer-determined SB and PA of German university students.
Methods: A convenience sample of 532 students participated in a questionnaire survey during the lecture period in the summer term 2018.
Metabolomics
September 2025
Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
Introduction: Initially developed for transcriptomics data, pathway analysis (PA) methods can introduce biases when applied to metabolomics data, especially if input parameters are not chosen with care. This is particularly true for exometabolomics data, where there can be many metabolic steps between the measured exported metabolites in the profile and internal disruptions in the organism. However, evaluating PA methods experimentally is practically impossible when the sample's "true" metabolic disruption is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
September 2025
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
Purpose: Amino acid PET with [F]-fluoroethylthyrosine ([F]FET-PET) is frequently utilized in gliomas. Most studies on prognostication based on amino acid PET comprise mixed cohorts of brain tumors with low- and high-grade features. The objective of this study was to assess the potential prognostic value of [F]FET-PET-based markers in the group of grade 2 adult-type diffuse gliomas, as defined by the WHO CNS 2021 classification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeroscience
September 2025
Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Cognitive decline is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), although neural mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective was to investigate the impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on the relationship between resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) and cognitive function in older adults with multiple sclerosis (OAMS) and age matched healthy controls. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and cognitive assessments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF