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Nest sites are important for social insects, as they provide refuge against enemies and ensure optimal conditions for the brood development. In large nests, the different chambers can be used for different reasons; for example, for food storage or as a brood chamber. Acorn ants from the genus Temnothorax dwell in small cavities in acorns and wood; however, even such small chambers can have a high degree of spatial heterogeneity. During this study, the distribution of brood items of the acorn ant Temnothorax crassispinus inside artificial nest cavities composed of three chambers in a linear system was analysed. 29 ant colonies were photographed 13 times during a period of approximately one month: during three consecutive days, and after forced migrations. I found that the distribution of the brood inside the nest cavity was similar during the consecutive days; however, after the forced migration, the distribution typically changed. Almost all the brood items were kept farther from the entrance. Keeping the brood farther from the entrance could be explained as a safer option.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105077 | DOI Listing |
J Helminthol
September 2025
Zoological Institute, https://ror.org/05snbjh64Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb., 1, 199034St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
The mother sporocyst is the least understood digenean life cycle stage. This study provides the first detailed description of the neuromusculature and reproductive apparatus of mother sporocysts in the hemiuroid digenean , a monoxenous parasite of White Sea mud snails, using transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent staining for muscles, FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRP), and serotonin (5HT). These parthenitae lack a germinal mass and have only a few germinal elements, which explains their limited reproductive potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Insect Sci
August 2025
Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, 2108 Donovan Hall, 100 Seymour Rd., Utica, NY, 13502, USA.
Bumble bees are an economically and ecologically important group of social insects distributed primarily in boreal and temperate zones. Their social organization is distinct from that of other obligately eusocial taxa, likely because of their climatic adaptations. Queens differ from workers in physiological traits related to cold tolerance such as size and lipid reserves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Morphol
August 2025
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
We studied the gross gonad morphology, the morphology of genital structures involved in sperm reception and egg release, as well as oocyte development in female Centropages Hamatus and Temora longicornis from the White Sea. Our research employed a comprehensive morphological approach, including light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and three-dimensional reconstructions based on series of semithin cross-sections. This integrated methodology enabled detailed visualization of the fine-scale morphological structures and main muscle bundles associated with the genital complex and precise mapping of oocyte distribution at different stages of development within the ovaries and diverticula of mature females.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol
August 2025
College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan, China.
Artificially reared ostriches face susceptibility to stress, infections, with mortality rates reaching 40% during the brooding phase. The thymus serves as a vital central and lymphoid immune organ, pivotal in combating external antigenic challenges and aiding in T lymphocyte differentiation. This study aims to investigate the distribution and changes of IL-21 in the thymus of African ostrich chicks, offering a morphological foundation for immune modulation and disease prevention in African ostriches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReproductive effort involves trade-offs among offspring and with homeostasis. In birds, a crucial parental investment concerns the allocation of resources to each egg. Variation in egg investment has led to the development of hypotheses regarding whether females favor the eldest nestlings ("brood reduction") or distribute resources more evenly ("brood survival").
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