Evaluation of the Antifungal and Antiproliferative Properties of the Lichen DC. Extracts and Main Components.

In this work, phytochemical analysis on different extracts of DC. was reported using different techniques with respect to the past. Twenty volatile and three non-volatile compounds were identified, some of which were found in this species for the first time. The methanolic extracts and their non-volatile components were then evaluated for their antitumor effects in cancerous A549 and Mz-ChA-1 cells and for their tolerability in non-cancerous BEAS-2B and H69 cells, showing IC values from 94.6 µg/mL to 416.4 µg/mL, in general. The same extracts and compounds were also tested for their antifungal effects in with only compound being active, with an MIC value of 87 µg/mL. In addition, they were tested for their anti- adhesion activity, anti- biofilm formation, and anti- mature biofilm inhibition, with efficacy percentages generally above 50% but not for all of them. Lastly, the DF3 extract and compounds - were tested in vivo according to the survival assay, showing positive mortality rates above 50% at different concentrations. All these biological assays were conducted on this species for the first time. Comparisons with other lichens and compounds were also presented and discussed.