in Livestock: Molecular Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Translational Strategies for One Health Protection.

Livestock-associated species-particularly (), (), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)-pose escalating threats to animal health, food safety, and public health due to their evolving antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles. This review synthesizes recent insights into the molecular epidemiology, resistance determinants, and host adaptation strategies of these pathogens across food-producing animals. We highlight the role of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), clonal dissemination, and biofilm formation in shaping multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns.

Antimicrobial Nanoparticles Against Superbugs: Mechanistic Insights, Biomedical Applications, and Translational Frontiers.

The accelerating threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) demands transformative strategies that go beyond conventional antibiotic therapies. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as versatile antimicrobial agents, offering a combination of physical, chemical, and immunological mechanisms to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Their small size, surface tunability, and ability to disrupt microbial membranes, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and deliver antibiotics directly to infection sites position them as powerful tools for infection control.

Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Infectious Diseases: Clinical Applications, Translational Challenges, and Future Directions.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is transforming infectious disease diagnostics by enabling simultaneous, hypothesis-free detection of a broad array of pathogens-including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites-directly from clinical specimens such as cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Unlike traditional culture and targeted molecular assays, mNGS serves as a powerful complementary approach, capable of identifying novel, fastidious, and polymicrobial infections while also characterizing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. These advantages are particularly relevant in diagnostically challenging scenarios, such as infections in immunocompromised patients, sepsis, and culture-negative cases.

Unraveling : Insights into Pathogenesis, Immune Evasion, and Progress Toward Effective Vaccination.

() is one of the most prevalent chronic bacterial infections globally, significantly contributing to gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric malignancies. Its pathogenesis involves a complex array of virulence factors-including , , and urease-which facilitate mucosal colonization, immune evasion, and persistent inflammation. A major challenge in vaccine development is the bacterium's ability to manipulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in limited natural clearance and long-term persistence.

Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance in Foods: A Dual Threat to Public Health.

The intersection of microbial food safety and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a mounting global threat with profound implications for public health, food safety, and sustainable development. This review explores the complex pathways through which foodborne pathogens-such as spp., (), (), and spp.

Spectral Precision: Recent Advances in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Pathogen Detection and Resistance Profiling.

With the global rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), rapid and reliable microbial diagnostics have become more critical than ever. Traditional culture-based and molecular diagnostic techniques often fall short in terms of speed, cost-efficiency, or scalability, particularly in resource-limited settings. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a transformative tool in clinical microbiology.

Emerging Technologies and Integrated Strategies for Microbial Detection and Control in Fresh Produce.

The global consumption of fresh and ready-to-eat (RTE) fruits and vegetables has surged due to increasing awareness of their nutritional benefits. However, this trend has been accompanied by a rise in foodborne illness outbreaks linked to microbial contamination. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the prevalence and diversity of foodborne pathogens in fresh produce, including bacterial, viral, and fungal agents.

Barriers and Facilitators of Health Care Workers' Compliance with Infection Prevention and Control Practices in Health-care Facilities: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background: Health-care-associated infections (HAIs) are prevalent in health-care facilities, with 7%-10% of patients in developed countries acquiring one. In low- and middle-income countries, the incidence is higher. Reducing HAIs is a global priority, requiring effective infection prevention and control (IPC) measures.

Detection of antimicrobial resistance via state-of-the-art technologies versus conventional methods.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as one of the foremost global health challenges, complicating the treatment of infectious diseases and contributing to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Traditionally, microbiological culture and susceptibility testing methods, such as disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, have been employed to identify AMR bacteria. However, these conventional techniques are often labor intensive and time consuming and lack the requisite sensitivity for the early detection of resistance.

Prevalence, genotyping, and molecular relatedness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from tertiary care hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen causing severe morbidity and mortality in hospitals globally.Transmission of MRSA occurs within the healthcare sector as a nosocomial infection, primarily facilitated by healthcare workers or patients admitted to medical facilities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic characterization and similarity of MRSA strains isolated from both inpatients and outpatients who visited various healthcare facilities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels and humans in the Al-Qassim region of Saudi Arabia and its implications for public health.

Brucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease caused by intracellular, gram-negative bacteria from the genus Brucella. Although camels are classified as secondary hosts for Brucella species, they are among the most susceptible and vulnerable animals to brucellosis, particularly Brucella abortus (B. abortus) and Brucella melitensis (B.

Microbial analysis and antimicrobial resistance screening of drinking water in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia using mass spectrometry technology.

Water intended for human consumption must be devoid of harmful bacteria that can lead to waterborne illnesses. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a rapid and precise method to identify bacterial contaminants in drinking water. The objective of this study was to investigate the protein profiles of various bacterial species present in water through the application of protein fingerprinting (PF) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) techniques, as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance.

Pivotal role of virulence genes in pathogenicity and vaccine development.

One of the most prevalent human infections is (), which affects more than half of the global population. Although infections are widespread, only a minority of individuals develop severe gastroduodenal disorders. The global resistance of to antibiotics has reached concerning levels, significantly impacting the effectiveness of treatment.

: Routes of Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Alternative Therapies as a Means to Develop Infection Control.

() is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that colonizes the gastric epithelium and is associated with a range of gastrointestinal disorders, exhibiting a global prevalence of approximately 50%. Despite the availability of treatment options, frequently reemerges and demonstrates increasing antibiotic resistance, which diminishes the efficacy of conventional therapies. Consequently, it is imperative to explore non-antibiotic treatment alternatives to mitigate the inappropriate use of antibiotics.

Proteome analysis, genetic characterization, and antibiotic resistance patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates.

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a member of the ESKAPE group and is responsible for severe community and healthcare-associated infections. Certain Klebsiella species have very similar phenotypes, which presents a challenge in identifying K.

Enterobacter cloacae from urinary tract infections: frequency, protein analysis, and antimicrobial resistance.

The genus Enterobacter belongs to the ESKAPE group, which includes Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. This group is characterized by the development of resistance to various antibiotics. In recent years, Enterobacter cloacae (E.

Using Protein Fingerprinting for Identifying and Discriminating Methicillin Resistant Isolates from Inpatient and Outpatient Clinics.

In hospitals and other clinical settings, Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a particularly dangerous pathogen that can cause serious or even fatal infections. Thus, the detection and differentiation of MRSA has become an urgent matter in order to provide appropriate treatment and timely intervention in infection control. To ensure this, laboratories must have access to the most up-to-date testing methods and technology available.

The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant and Its Vaccination Status among Healthcare Providers.

There is growing concern among healthcare providers worldwide regarding the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (). Some of the worst hospital-acquired infections, often in intensive care units (ICUs), are caused by this bacterial pathogen. In recent years, the rise in multidrug-resistant has been linked to the overuse of antimicrobial drugs and the lack of adequate infection control measures.

An Overview of the Public Health Challenges in Diagnosing and Controlling Human Foodborne Pathogens.

Pathogens found in food are believed to be the leading cause of foodborne illnesses; and they are considered a serious problem with global ramifications. During the last few decades, a lot of attention has been paid to determining the microorganisms that cause foodborne illnesses and developing new methods to identify them. Foodborne pathogen identification technologies have evolved rapidly over the last few decades, with the newer technologies focusing on immunoassays, genome-wide approaches, biosensors, and mass spectrometry as the primary methods of identification.

The Development of Diagnostic and Vaccine Strategies for Early Detection and Control of Human Brucellosis, Particularly in Endemic Areas.

Brucellosis is considered one of the most serious zoonotic diseases worldwide. This disease affects both human and animal health, in addition to being one of the most widespread zoonotic illnesses in the Middle East and Northern Africa. Human brucellosis generally presents in a diverse and non-specific manner, making laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis critical to the patient's recovery.

Infection: Current Status and Future Prospects on Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Control Challenges.

() infection, which affects approximately half of the world's population, remains a serious public health problem. As infection leads to a number of gastric pathologies, including inflammation, gastroduodenal ulcers, and malignancies, early detection and treatment are crucial to preventing the spread of the infection. Multiple extragastric complications, such as iron deficiency anaemia, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, vitamin B12 deficiency, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and certain neurological disorders, have also been linked to infection.

The Development of Technology to Prevent, Diagnose, and Manage Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare-Associated Infections.

There is a growing risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) having an adverse effect on the healthcare system, which results in higher healthcare costs, failed treatments and a higher death rate. A quick diagnostic test that can spot infections resistant to antibiotics is essential for antimicrobial stewardship so physicians and other healthcare professionals can begin treatment as soon as possible. Since the development of antibiotics in the last two decades, traditional, standard antimicrobial treatments have failed to treat healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs): Challenges and Measures Taken by the Radiology Department to Control Infection Transmission.

Infections contracted during healthcare delivery in a hospital or ambulatory setting are collectively referred to as healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Healthcare workers and patients alike are vulnerable to serious problems as a result of the risk of HAIs. In the healthcare system, HAIs are considered among the most common and serious health problems.

How MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Technology Contributes to Microbial Infection Control in Healthcare Settings.

Healthcare settings have been utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) since 2010. MALDI-TOF MS has various benefits over the conventional method of biochemical identification, including ease of use, speed, accuracy, and low cost. This approach can solve many of the obstacles to identifying bacteria, fungi and viruses.

Laboratory Diagnostic Methods and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of and Strains: An Evolving Human Health Challenge.

Raw ground meat is known as a transmission vehicle for biological agents that may be harmful to human health. The objective of the present study was to assess microbiological quality of the ground meats. A total of 280 samples of local and imported chilled meats were randomly collected from retail shops in Buraydah City, Saudi Arabia.