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Biological polysaccharides such as cellulose, chitin, chitosan, sodium alginate, etc., serve as excellent substrates for 3D printing due to their inherent advantages of biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and absence of secondary pollution. In this review we comprehensively overviewed the principles and processes involved in 3D printing of polysaccharides. We then delved into the diverse application of 3D printed polysaccharides in wastewater treatment, including their roles as adsorbents, photocatalysts, biological carriers, micro-devices, and solar evaporators. Furthermore, we assessed the technical superiority and future potential of polysaccharide 3D prints, envisioning its widespread application. Lastly, we remarked the challenging scientific and engineering aspects that require attention in the scientific research, industrial production, and engineering utilization. By addressing these key points, we aimed to advance the field and facilitate the practical implementation of polysaccharide-based 3D printing technologies in wastewater treatment and beyond.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131117 | DOI Listing |
Adv Healthc Mater
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
Multi-tissue regeneration remains a critical clinical challenge due to the lack of solutions that can replicate the hierarchical heterogeneity of such complex interfaces. While biofabrication approaches, such as extrusion-based, allow replicating robust, biomimetic, and layered designs, constructs are usually hindered by inadequate phase/layer integration, poor filler dispersion, and mismatched rheological and mechanical performances. This study introduces an ink engineering strategy as a solution for integrating natural-based nanocomposites in multi-tissue regenerative approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
November 2025
Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, E. Orabona St., 70125 Bari, Italy.
Direct printing of pharmaceutical powders allows the creation of personalized paediatric dosage forms, such as orodispersible films (ODFs). In this study, we present an optimized protocol to prepare midazolam (MDZ)/γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) inclusion complex-loaded ODFs using the innovative direct powder extrusion 3D printing technique (DPE). ODFs were formulated with a polymer blend consisting of polyethylene oxide and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, in the presence or without γ-CD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
September 2025
Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China. Electronic address:
In the context of the escalating global emphasis on healthy food and sustainable development, non-covalent assembly systems formed between proteins and polysaccharides have garnered substantial attention. As natural biomolecules, proteins and polysaccharides synergize to form multiscale complexes through mechanisms such as electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding, thus exhibiting enhanced stability and functionality. This review identifies five major research hotspots in this field using bibliometric analysis, covering complex formation mechanisms, performance enhancement strategies, and application-expansion directions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Xanthan gum (XG) has performed far better than other polysaccharides for industrial purposes, e.g., food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications, due to its outstanding thickening effect, pseudoplastic rheological properties, and non-toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
August 2025
Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. Electronic address:
Hydrogels are soft and wet materials which require enhanced mechanical properties and toughness. For this aim, double-network hydrogels were prepared from soft network of covalently crosslinked hydroxypropyl guar and hard self-assembled network of carboxymethylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) reversibly crosslinked by calcium ions. The gels exhibited a dramatic enhancement of mechanical strength and toughness with increasing content of CNCs and demonstrated remarkable fatigue resistance.
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