Long noncoding RNA in renal cell carcinoma: a molecular mechanism study.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common subtype of RCC. Although targeted therapy can provide superior treatment outcomes, it is prone to drug resistance, and individual responses to immunotherapy vary greatly. Therefore, finding new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for RCC is of considerable importance. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can serve as a biomarker in clinical applications and the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. However, the specific mechanism of action of lncRNA in RCC has not yet been clarified. Therefore, this paper explores the expression of lncRNA in the renal cancer cell line 786-0, and conducts a preliminary study of its molecular mechanism. Selecting nude mice for tumor experiments is because of the high genomic and physiological similarity between mice and humans. Conducting tumor research on mice allows for better control of experimental conditions, aiding researchers in more accurately observing and analysing tumor characteristics and responses.

Methods: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and plasmid cloning DNA (pcDNA) 3.1 were used to transfect renal cancer cell line 786-0 to silence and overexpress the lncRNA gene. Quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the difference in lncRNA expression in blank control group, negative control group, siGPRC5D-AS1 group and oeGPRC5D-AS1 group. The effects of silence and overexpression of lncRNA 1 on the proliferation of 786-0 cells were detected in cell colony formation experiments; the changes in the migration and invasion of 786-0 cells were detected via cell scratch assay and transwell assay, respectively; the differences in tumor growth between groups were determined via tumorigenesis experiments in nude mice; and the expression of proliferation-related protein [β-catenin, Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)] and invasion-related protein (N-cadherin and E-cadherin) were detected via Western blotting.

Results: Compared with blank control group and negative control group, the siGPRC5D-AS1 group showed a significant decrease in the relative expression of lncRNA (P<0.05), a significant increase in the number of proliferating cells and migrating cells (P<0.05), a significant increase in the tumor volume of nude mice (P<0.05), a significant increase in β-catenin, Ki67, PCNA and N-cadherin protein expression (P<0.05), and a significant decrease in E-cadherin protein expression (P<0.05); conversely, these results were opposite for the eGPRC5D-AS1 group.

Conclusions: Silencing the expression of lncRNA can enhance the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of renal cancer cell line 786-0, which can be weakened by the overexpression of lncRNA .