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Article Abstract
Background: Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) has multiple functions within infected cells, on the cell surface, and in secreted form, and is highly immunogenic. Immunity from previous DENV infections is known to exert both positive and negative effects on subsequent DENV infections, but the contribution of NS1-specific antibodies to these effects is incompletely understood.
Methods: We investigated the functions of NS1-specific antibodies and their significance in DENV infection. We analyzed plasma samples collected in a prospective cohort study prior to symptomatic or subclinical secondary DENV infection. We measured binding to purified recombinant NS1 protein and to NS1-expressing CEM cells, antibody-mediated natural killer (NK) cell activation by plate-bound NS1 protein, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of NS1-expressing target cells.
Results: We found that antibody responses to NS1 were highly serotype cross-reactive and that subjects who experienced subclinical DENV infection had significantly higher antibody responses to NS1 in preinfection plasma than subjects who experienced symptomatic infection. We observed strong positive correlations between antibody binding and NK activation.
Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the involvement of NS1-specific antibodies in ADCC and provide evidence for a protective effect of NS1-specific antibodies in secondary DENV infection.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565885 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae137 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- Some people who get the TBE vaccine still get sick from the virus, which is called a breakthrough infection (VBT).
- We studied how the immune system responds in both vaccinated and unvaccinated people after they get TBE to see the differences.
- Unvaccinated people showed strong immune responses to the virus, while vaccinated folks had weaker responses, but still had significant T cell reactions, and VBT infections led to more serious illnesses.