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Solid-gas reactions and powder X-ray diffraction investigations of trinuclear silver complexes {[3,4,5-(CF)Pz]Ag} and {[4-Br-3,5-(CF)Pz]Ag} supported by highly fluorinated pyrazolates reveal that they undergo intricate ethylene-triggered structural transformations in the solid-state producing dinuclear silver-ethylene adducts. Despite the complexity, the chemistry is reversible producing precursor trimers with the loss of ethylene. Less reactive {[3,5-(CF)Pz]Ag} under ethylene pressure and low-temperature conditions stops at an unusual silver-ethylene complex in the trinuclear state, which could serve as a model for intermediates likely present in more common trimer-dimer reorganizations described above. Complete structural data of three novel silver-ethylene complexes are presented together with a thorough computational analysis of the mechanism.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3sc04182d | DOI Listing |
Nat Protoc
August 2025
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
The surface chemistry of catalyst nanoparticles is crucial for understanding catalytic mechanisms of reactions significant for chemical transformation, energy conversion and environmental sustainability. To enable a high-vacuum X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) system to characterize nanoparticle surfaces in liquid or gas phase using a differentially pumped energy analyzer, major and substantial modifications to the high-vacuum XPS instrumentation are required. In this protocol we describe a membrane-separated cell-based XPS approach that allows characterization of the surface of catalyst nanoparticles dispersed in a flowing liquid or gas (at 2 bar) without any instrumental modification to a high-vacuum X-ray photoelectron spectrometer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
August 2025
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.
Innovative approaches to study buried interfaces and heterogeneous interactions under reaction conditions are crucial for advancing energy and catalytic materials. Our near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) setup is equipped with a tricolor x-ray source, with Al Kα, Ag Lα, and Cr Kα excitation energies, enabling information depth-selective operando and in situ analysis of solid-liquid, solid-gas, and solid-solid interfaces. We present three case studies to demonstrate the systems' capabilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
July 2025
Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China. Electronic address:
Selective and efficient production of singlet oxygen (O) with a Faraday efficiency of 35.1 % through the direct cathodic activation of oxygen bubbles (OBs) is studied in this work, the OBs are generated from the anodic water splitting process in an electrochemical reactor with the cathode-above-anode configuration. Dramatically, O is derived from the utilization of gaseous O molecules in OBs rather than the dissolved oxygen in water.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
June 2025
Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
This review offers an in-depth analysis of soil contamination, discussing the origins, impacts, and remediation strategies, as well as the complex connections with interfacial chemistry. Interfacial chemistry plays a critical role in addressing soil contamination by governing the interactions between pollutants, soil particles, water, and remediation agents at phase boundaries (solid-liquid, solid-gas). Some key aspects include adsorption/desorption that controls pollutants binding to soil surfaces; chemical transformation which facilitates redox, hydrolysis, or catalytic reactions at interfaces to degrade contaminants; colloidal transport that affects the movement of nanoparticle-bound contaminants through soil pores; and techniques like soil washing, phytoremediation and permeable reactive barriers that can neutralize soil pollutants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
December 2025
School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China. Electronic address:
Thermally enhanced upconversion luminescence demonstrates distinct advantages for optical thermometry in complex scenarios. In this work, NaYS:Tm phosphors are synthesized via a solid-gas reaction method, followed by systematic investigation of the upconversion luminescence characteristic. The abundant energy level structure of Tm enables its dual functionality as both sensitizer and activator, achieving self-sensitized upconversion luminescence.
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