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During phage infection, both virus and bacteria attempt to gain and/or maintain control over critical bacterial functions, through a plethora of strategies. These strategies include posttranslational modifications (PTMs, including phosphorylation, ribosylation, and acetylation), as rapid and dynamic regulators of protein behavior. However, to date, knowledge on the topic remains scarce and fragmented, while a more systematic investigation lies within reach. The release of AlphaFold, which advances PTM enzyme discovery and functional elucidation, and the increasing inclusivity and scale of mass spectrometry applications to new PTM types, could significantly accelerate research in the field. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge on PTMs during phage infection, and conceive a possible pipeline for future research, following an enzyme-target-function scheme.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2024.102425 | DOI Listing |
Food Res Int
November 2025
Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China. Electronic address:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two main conditions: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The role of foodborne pathogens, often transmitted through contaminated food, is a subject of ongoing research regarding their potential involvement in IBD. The most common foodborne pathogens S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Microbiol
September 2025
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Viral infections are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren's disease (SjD), but the mechanisms linking viral antigens to disease development remain poorly understood. To address this, we conducted shotgun metagenomic sequencing of saliva samples from 35 patients with SjD and 25 healthy controls. The salivary virome of the patients with SjD, particularly those with high disease activity, had an expansion of Siphoviridae bacteriophages and increased eukaryotic viral sequences, including Vientovirus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Microbiol
September 2025
The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Restriction-modification (R-M) systems protect against phage infection by detecting and degrading invading foreign DNA. However, like many prokaryotic anti-phage defences, R-M systems pose a major risk of autoimmunity, exacerbated by the presence of hundreds to thousands of potential cleavage sites in the bacterial genome. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains experience the temporary inactivation of restriction endonucleases following growth at high temperatures, but the reason and mechanisms for this phenomenon are unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Antimicrob Agents
September 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Non-Traditional Antibacterial Therapy (ESGNTA); Phage Canada, Maple, Ontario, Canada; Unity Health Toronto,
With antimicrobial resistance as a worldwide public health concern, bacteriophage (phage) therapy (PT) may help treat bacterial infections. However, given its particularities compared with traditional small molecule drugs, there are variations in how it is regulated worldwide. Regulators are key players governing PT, yet their perspectives have been largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.
A frequent goal of phage biology is to quantify how well a phage kills a population of host bacteria. Unfortunately, traditional methods to quantify phage success can be time-consuming, limiting the throughput of experiments. Here, we use theory to show how the effects of phages on their hosts can be quantified using bacterial population dynamics measured in a high-throughput microplate reader (automated spectrophotometer).
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