Synthesis, biological activity evaluation and mechanism analysis of new ganglioside GM3 derivatives as potential agents for nervous functional recovery.

Neuronal regenerative ability is vital for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neuronal injuries. Recent studies have revealed that Ganglioside GM3 and its derivatives may possess potential neuroprotective and neurite growth-promoting activities. Herein, six GM3 derivatives were synthesized and evaluated their potential neuroprotective effects and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities on a cellular model of Parkinson's disease and primary nerve cells. Amongst these derivatives, derivatives N-14 and 2C-12 demonstrated neuroprotective effects in the MPP + model in SH-SY5Y cells. 2C-12 combined with NGF (nerve growth factor) induced effecially neurite growth in primary nerve cells. Further action mechanism revealed that derivative 2C-12 exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway, specifically involving the Wnt7b gene. Overall, this study establishes a foundation for further exploration and development of GM3 derivatives with neurotherapeutic potential.