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Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices have evolved significantly over the past decades and play a vital role in managing end-stage heart failure, especially as a bridge to heart transplantation. From the pioneering heart-lung machines to third-generation ventricular assist devices (VADs), MCS technology has advanced to provide more durable, efficient, and safer options for both shortand long-term support. This review outlines the historical development of mechanical assist devices, the types of available supports - ranging from intra-aortic balloon pumps and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to implantable devices like HeartMate 3 - and their clinical indications and complications.
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