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Approaches to central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification and evaluation have undergone multiple iterations over the past few decades, in large part due to our growing understanding of the influence of genetics on tumor behavior and our refinement of brain tumor imaging techniques. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) both play a critical role in the diagnosis and monitoring of brain tumors, although MRI has become especially important due to its superior soft tissue resolution. The purpose of this article will be to briefly review the fundamentals of conventional and advanced techniques used in brain tumor imaging. We will also highlight the applications of these imaging tools in the context of commonly encountered tumors based on the most recently updated 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors framework.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1776765 | DOI Listing |
J Pathol Transl Med
September 2025
Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.
Central nervous system tumors with BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) internal tandem duplications (ITDs) constitute a rare, recently characterized pediatric neoplasm with distinct molecular and histopathological features. To date, 69 cases have been documented in the literature, including our institutional case. These neoplasms predominantly occur in young children, with the cerebellum representing the most frequent anatomical location.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuro Oncol
September 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Background: Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in high-grade brain tumors is characterized by contrast accumulation on diagnostic imaging. This window of opportunity study correlates contrast imaging features with the tumor distribution of BBB-permeable (levetiracetam) and -impermeable (cefazolin) drugs.
Methods: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of a high-grade brain tumor underwent MRI for surgical planning.
Curr Cancer Drug Targets
September 2025
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200137, China.
Introduction: The incidence of brain metastases in patients diagnosed with ad-vanced lung cancer is high, drawing significant attention to the risk factors associated with this progression.
Methods: A total of 252 advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases were enrolled in this study between July 2018 and December 2023 from our hos-pital. Additionally, driver genes, including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS, and RET, were doc-umented.
Adv Healthc Mater
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
Overcoming resistance to radiotherapy remains a significant challenge in breast cancer management. A one-step coordinated synthesis of BODIPY-integrated photodynamic nanozymes (FZBNPs) that facilitate an orthogonal catalytic cascade for radiotherapy potentiation is presented. The engineered FZBNPs simultaneously alleviate tumor hypoxia through catalase-mimetic oxygen (O) generation and amplify reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via peroxidase-like activity, synergizing with BODIPY-mediated singlet oxygen (O) generation under 660 nm light irradiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurol Med Chir (Tokyo)
September 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba.
Early postoperative seizures, defined as occurring within 7 days after surgery, are a significant complication that occurs following neurosurgical procedures involving cerebral manipulation. As a result, short-term antiseizure medication is typically administered in Japan despite the lack of consensus regarding its prophylactic use. Perampanel hydrate, an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist, was recently introduced in an intravenous formulation in Japan, providing new potential for early postoperative seizures prevention during the perioperative period.
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