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Azomethine imines, broadly known as 1,3-dipoles, efficiently produce synthetically and biologically significant dinitrogen-fused heterocycles via predominantly concerted or ionic pathways. Herein, we describe a radical-based annulation of azomethine imines utilizing visible-light photoredox catalysis for the first time. This strategy enables the synthesis of dinitrogen-fused saturated six-membered cyclic products that have traditionally been difficult to access. Notably, our process exhibits exceptional diastereoselectivity, controlled by the anomeric effect. Initial mechanistic investigations reveal a tandem process comprising intermolecular radical addition and intramolecular 6--trig cyclization. This work illustrates potential within the realm of visible-light-driven radical cyclization reactions involving azomethine imines.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03180 | DOI Listing |
Adv Funct Mater
May 2025
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Hydrogels are routinely used as scaffolds to mimic the extracellular matrix for tissue engineering. However, common strategies to covalently crosslink hydrogels employ reaction conditions with potential off-target biological reactivity. The limited number of suitable bioorthogonal chemistries for hydrogel crosslinking restricts how many material properties can be independently addressed to control cell fate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSchiff bases have various pharmacological activities due to the azomethine (-C=N-) group. Usnic acid is the most famous lichen metabolite and it contains two carbonyl groups to synthesize the Schiff base derivatives with primary amines. Therefore, in the current study, the known Schiff base derivatives (2-5) of usnic acid (1) were synthesized to explore their antidiabetic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, antidepressant and anti-Parkinson's properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Sci
August 2025
Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, 4 Independence Avenue, 220030, Minsk, Belarus.
Displaying versatile biological activity, Schiff bases are known to possess prominent optical, thermal, and metal coordination properties, rendering them prospective for the design of dyes, photonic devices, ion sensors, molecular probes, etc. Furthermore, azomethine compounds bearing a phenolic moiety may exert antioxidant action. In this work, the antioxidant activity of the bis-substituted and mono-substituted phenolic azomethine dyes derived from 4,6-di-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde was determined in DPPH radical and ABTS cation radical scavenging assays, FRAP and CUPRAC metal reducing assays, and ferrous iron chelating activity assay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Inorg Biochem
November 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 506 Library Drive, 146 Chemistry-Physics Building, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA.
Five complexes, [n-BuSn(HL)] (1), [n-BuSn(HL)] (2), [n-BuSn(HL)] (3), [n-BuSn(HL)] (4) and [n-BuSn(HL)] (5), were synthesized by reacting the corresponding azomethine- and diazenyl-functionalized hydroxy-benzoic acid pro-ligands (H'HL, H'HL, H'HL, H'HL and H'HL) with (n-BuSn)O. Compounds 1-5 were thoroughly characterized by FT-IR and NMR (H, C, and Sn) spectroscopy. Additionally, the molecular and crystal structures of compounds 2, 4 and 5, along with one of their pro-ligands (H'HL), were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.
Reactive intermediates that can promote nonintuitive bond disconnections underpin advancements in skeletal editing methodologies. Accordingly, a detailed understanding of their reactivity and its underlying mechanisms is central to progress in this space. Herein, we catalog and study the reactivity of nonstabilized cyclic isodiazene intermediates generated via the reaction of cyclic secondary amines with an anomeric amide reagent.
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