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Quantifying the degree of spatial segregation of two bacterial strains in mixed biofilms is an important topic in microbiology. Spatial segregation is dependent on spatial scale as two strains may appear to be well mixed if observed from a distance, but a closer look can reveal strong separation. Typically, this information is encoded in a digital image that represents the binary system, e.g., a microscopy image of a two species biofilm. To decode spatial segregation information, we have developed quantitative measures for evaluating the degree of the spatial scale-dependent segregation of two bacterial strains in a digital image. The constructed algorithm is based on the new segregation measures and overcomes drawbacks of existing approaches for biofilm segregation analysis. The new approach is implemented in a freely available software and was successfully applied to biofilms of two strains and bacterial suspensions for detection of the different spatial scale-dependent segregation levels.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100157 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are highly compartmentalized neurons whose long axons serve as the sole connection between the eye and the brain. In both injury and disease, RGC degeneration occurs in a similarly compartmentalized manner, with distinct molecular and cellular responses in the axonal and somatodendritic regions. The goal of this study was to establish a microfluidic-based platform to investigate RGC compartmentalization in both health and disease states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240.
Major depressive disorder affects millions worldwide, yet current treatments require prolonged administration. In contrast, ketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects by blocking spontaneous N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling, which lifts the suppression of protein synthesis and triggers homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Here, we identify a parallel signaling pathway involving metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) that promotes rapid antidepressant-like effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Bioanal Chem
September 2025
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, China.
Rapid, low-cost, and visual nucleic acid detection methods are highly attractive for curbing colistin resistance spread through the food chain. CRISPR/Cas12a combined with recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) offers a one-pot, aerosol-free approach for visual detection. However, traditional one-pot systems often run Cas12a trans-cleavage in a buffer suitable for RAA, thus limiting Cas12a cleavage efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Discov
September 2025
Evolutionary Dynamics Group, Centre for Cancer Evolution, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Unlabelled: Oncogenes amplified on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) contribute to treatment resistance and poor survival across cancers. Currently, the spatiotemporal evolution of ecDNA remains poorly understood. In this study, we integrate computational modeling with samples from 94 treatment-naive human glioblastomas (GBM) to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of ecDNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
September 2025
Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Phase segregation remains one of the most critical challenges limiting the performance and long-term operational stability of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This issue is especially pronounced in 1.84 eV wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites, where severe halide phase segregation leads to compositional heterogeneity and accelerated device degradation.
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