Category Ranking
98%
Total Visits
921
Avg Visit Duration
2 minutes
Citations
20
Article Abstract
The oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has been the mainstay of polio eradication, especially in low-income countries, and its use has eliminated wild poliovirus type 2. However, the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is safer than OPV, as IPV protects against paralytic poliomyelitis without producing adverse reactions. The present study compared mucosal and humoral responses to poliovirus vaccines administered to previously OPV-immunized children to assess the immunity gap in children in areas of high poliovirus transmission. A cluster-randomized trial was implemented in three high-risk districts of Pakistan-Karachi, Kashmore, and Bajaur-from June 2013 to May 2014. This trial was community-oriented and included three arms, focusing on healthy children below five years of age. The study involved the randomization of 387 clusters, of which 360 were included in the final analysis. The control arm (A) received the routine polio program bivalent poliovirus vaccine (bOPV). The second arm (B) received additional interventions, including health camps providing routine vaccinations and preventive maternal and child health services. In addition to the interventions in arm B, the third arm (C) was also provided with IPV. Blood and stool samples were gathered from children to evaluate humoral and intestinal immunity. The highest levels of poliovirus type 1 serum antibodies were observed in Group C (IPV + OPV). The titers for poliovirus type 2 (P2) and poliovirus type 3 (P3) were noticeably higher in those who had received a routine OPV dose than in those who had not across all study groups and visits. Providing an IPV booster after at least two OPV doses could potentially fill immunity gaps in regions where OPV does not show high efficacy. However, IPV only marginally enhances humoral immunity and fails to offer intestinal immunity, which is critical to stop the infection and spread of live poliovirus in populations that have not been exposed before.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10534550 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091444 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Poliovirus surveillance in Mayotte, Indian Ocean, reveals encephalomyocarditis virus type 1 and a wide diversity of non-polio enteroviruses.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
September 2025
Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus sensing and signaling Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
Background: In 2023, Mayotte, a French department in the Mozambique channel, experienced a long drought that led to potable water restrictions. Although the French vaccination schedule makes polio vaccination compulsory for children, the large proportion of migrants on the island coupled with the water crisis raised concerns about the establishment of poliovirus transmission chains. Therefore, a surveillance was implemented to detect polioviruses in sewage sampled in the two main wastewater treatment plants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLow-grade persistent poliovirus infection in long-term polio survivors diagnosed with post-polio syndrome: diagnostic and clinical implications.
J Neurol
September 2025
Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Motor Sciences, University of Verona Medical School, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) remains unclear. We investigated 251 participants from Northern Italy: long-term polio survivors with PPS, long-term polio survivors with stable polio, family members of both groups, subjects with neurological disorders other than poliomyelitis, and healthy controls. This study investigated whether persistent viral activity or the existence of viral reservoirs contributes to causing PPS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntestinal mucosal immune responses to novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 in healthy newborns.
Clin Infect Dis
September 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Background: Approximately 1.5 billion doses of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) have been administered in response to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks since 2021. Although infants are eligible to receive the vaccine from birth, the induction of intestinal mucosal immunity by nOPV2 in newborns has not been directly evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA potential surrogate for poliovirus in testing the efficacy of hand antiseptics according to the Global Poliovirus Containment Action Plan.
GMS Hyg Infect Control
July 2025
University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.
Introduction: As part of the global poliovirus containment program (Global Polio Eradication Initiative, GPEI), European laboratories are increasingly restricted from using the long-established poliovirus type 1 strain LSc-2ab as the reference virus in virucidal efficacy testing of disinfectants.This necessitates the identification of an alternative test virus that closely resembles poliovirus in its chemical resistance, belongs to the picornaviridae family, and is suitable for routine laboratory handling.
Materials And Methods: In this study, two strains of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) were evaluated as potential substitutes in quantitative suspension tests (according to EN 14476) using five biocidal active substances: ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, glutaral (glutaraldehyde) and peracetic acid.
Early detection of a circulating pre-vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (pre-VDPV1) variant linked to an acute flaccid polio case prior to VDPV1 emergence, Israel, 2024 to 2025.
Euro Surveill
August 2025
Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
We report the emergence and evolution of a circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (cVDPV1) outbreak in Israel, linked to a vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis case. Whole genome sequencing revealed a strong genetic link between the Sabin-like poliovirus type 1 variant from the case and pre-VDPV1 and VDPV1 isolated from environmental samples collected in October 2024-April 2025, mostly in Jerusalem. Early detection was made possible by Israel's robust environmental surveillance and advanced sequencing technologies, enabling a rapid public health response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF