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Reverse transcriptases, used in prime editing systems, exhibit lower fidelity, processivity and dNTP affinity than many DNA-dependent DNA polymerases. We report that a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (phi29), untethered from Cas9, enables editing from a synthetic, end-stabilized DNA-containing template at up to 60% efficiency in human cells. Compared to prime editing, DNA polymerase editing avoids autoinhibitory intramolecular base pairing of the template, facilitates template synthesis and supports larger insertions (>100 nucleotides).
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054351 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41587-023-01947-w | DOI Listing |
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family consists of 17 members of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)-dependent enzymes that regulate key biological processes by catalyzing adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation, either poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) or mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation). These biological processes encompass DNA repair, metabolism, telomere maintenance, and immune responses. Based on structural and functional features, the PARP family is classified into subcategories, such as DNA-dependent PARPs, Tankyrase, CCCH-type PARPs, MacroPARPs, and atypical PARPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
September 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, United States.
Y-family DNA polymerases (Pols) are intrinsically highly error-prone; yet they conduct predominantly error-free translesion synthesis (TLS) in normal human cells. In response to DNA damage, Y-family Pols assemble and function together with WRN, WRNIP1, and Rev1 in TLS. Among these proteins, WRN possesses a 3'→5' exonuclease activity and an ATPase/3'→5' DNA helicase activity, and WRNIP1 has a DNA-dependent ATPase activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Mre11 nuclease is part of the highly conserved MRX complex involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). During meiosis in budding yeast, MRX is also required for the programmed induction of DSBs by Spo11, thereby initiating homologous recombination to promote accurate chromosome segregation. Recruitment of Mre11 to meiotic DSB sites depends on Rec114-Mei4 and Mer2 (RMM), which are thought to organize the meiotic DSB machinery by a mechanism involving biomolecular condensation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEMBO J
August 2025
Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR5239, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007, Lyon, France.
DNA is a substrate for competing protein-mediated activities. Whether and how transcription and the synaptic steps of recombination collide or are coordinated has not been investigated. Here, using a controlled break induction system and physical detection of D-loop DNA joint molecules in S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Dis
August 2025
Academia Sinica, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Fusarium wilt is a major agricultural disease causing significant crop losses. In Taiwan, several Fusarium species have been reported to cause yellow leaf disease symptoms in orchids. This study identified five isolates of Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) isolates (pfy-1 to pfy-5) based on phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear rDNA, translation elongation factor 1-α, and sterol 14 α-demethylase genes.
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