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Commonly used tool materials for machining wood-based materials are WC-Co carbides. Although they have been known for a long time, there is still much development in the field of sintered tool materials, especially WC-Co carbides and superhard materials. The use of new manufacturing methods (such as FAST-field-assisted sintering technology), which use pulses of electric current for heating, can improve the properties of the materials used for cutting tools, thereby increasing the cost-effectiveness of machining. The ability to increase tool life without the downtime associated with tool wear allows significant cost savings, particularly in mass production. This paper presents the results of a study of the effect of grain size and cobalt content of carbide tool sinters on the tribological properties of the materials studied. The powders used for consolidation were characterised by irregular shape and formed agglomerates of different sizes. Tribological tests were carried out using the T-01 (ball-on-disc) method. In order to determine the wear kinetics, the entire friction path was divided into 15 cycles of 200 m and the weight loss was measured after each stage. In order to determine the mechanism and intensity of wear of the tested materials under technically dry friction conditions, the surface of the tested sinters was observed before the test and after 5, 10, and 15 cycles. The conclusions of the study indicate that the predominant effect of surface cooperation at the friction node is abrasion due to the material chipping that occurs during the process. The results confirm the influence of sintered grain size and cobalt content on durability. In the context of the application of the materials in question for cutting tools, it can be pointed out that sintered WC(0.4)_4 has the highest potential for use in the manufacture of cutting tools.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10488490 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16175836 | DOI Listing |
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Synthetic and Systems Biology Lab for Biomedicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia-IIT, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, Naples, 80125, Italy.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy has emerged as a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment, offering new hope across various malignancies. However, its success against solid tumors remains limited due to critical challenges, including off-tumor, on-target toxicity, immune resistance, poor T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment (TME), and T cell exhaustion. In response, interdisciplinary innovations in synthetic biology and biomaterials are redefining how can be engineer smarter, more responsive CAR-T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIEEE Trans Med Robot Bionics
May 2025
Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA.
Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) systems take advantage of dexterous tools, enhanced vision, and motion filtering to improve patient outcomes. Whereas most RAS systems are directly controlled by surgeons, the development and application of autonomous RAS are growing owing to their repeatability and precision. Although full autonomy is a long-term goal, human intervention in RAS is still essential.
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