Assessment of Amplitude and Temporal Differences of Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Response to Hypotension Across Multiple Cerebrovascular Territories During Shoulder Surgery.

Introduction: Current commercial cerebral oximeters only monitor the frontal lobes, however, some cerebrovascular territories may experience ischemia while others remain well perfused. This pilot study used a novel, high-density, dual-wavelength, time-resolved functional cerebral oximeter (Kernel Flow) with 2000 channels to assess the regional differences of cerebral oxygenation (StO2) in response to hypotension across different vascular territories during shoulder surgery in the beach chair position.

Methods: Twenty-seven adult patients were monitored, recording blood pressure, heart rate, regional cerebral oxygen saturation, and other vital parameters.

24R,25(OH)D regulates tumorigenesis in estrogen sensitive laryngeal cancer cells via membrane-associated receptor complexes in ER+ and ER- cells.

This study examined the effects of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24R,25(OH)D) in estrogen-responsive laryngeal cancer tumorigenesis in vivo, the mechanisms involved, and whether the ability of the tumor cells to produce 24R,25(OH)D locally is estrogen-dependent. Estrogen receptor alpha-66 positive (ER+) UM-SCC-12 cells and ER- UM-SCC-11A cells responded differently to 24R,25(OH)D in vivo; 24R,25(OH)D enhanced tumorigenesis in ER+ tumors but inhibited tumorigenesis in ER- tumors. Treatment with 17β-estradiol (E) for 24 h reduced levels of CYP24A1 protein but increased 24R,25(OH)D production in ER+ cells; treatment with E for 9 min reduced CYP24A1 at 24 h and reduced 24R,25(OH)D production in ER- cells.

Rental Market Risk and Radical Right Support.

A growing literature examines how economic threat affects support for anti-establishment parties. While most existing work focuses on transforming labor markets as a source of anxiety, we advance the literature by studying changes in urban development and rent price appreciation. Our analysis examines the case of Germany, the country with the highest share of rental housing in the European Union.

Representation of Older Adults and Women in Randomized Trials of Noninvasive Imaging for Chest Pain.

Background: Noninvasive imaging is widely used both for initial diagnosis and to guide management of ischemic heart disease. Older adults and women with ischemic heart disease may have different responses to imaging as well as to treatments and outcomes that follow compared with younger adults and men. We aimed to study the representation of older adults and women in randomized controlled trials of noninvasive imaging among patients with acute and stable chest pain.

Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Among Medicare Beneficiaries: The Impact of Frailty and Social Vulnerability.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an accepted alternative to surgery in many patients with severe aortic stenosis. Clinical trials have evaluated early and late outcomes in selected TAVR patients, but predictors of late mortality have been less well studied in a broadly inclusive, national patient cohort undergoing TAVR. We sought to characterize 5-year outcomes after TAVR in Medicare beneficiaries and to evaluate the incremental predictive value of demographics, comorbidities, procedural factors, frailty, and social vulnerability in determining late mortality risk.