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Seed thermoinhibition protects emerging seedlings from thermodamage by preventing seed germination at elevated temperatures. It had remained unknown how a seed fine-tunes its germination in response to temperature. Recently, Piskurewicz et al. demonstrated that endosperm phyB senses increased temperature, thereby facilitating PIF3-mediated abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation to inhibit germination and embryo elongation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.017 | DOI Listing |
Plant J
August 2025
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China.
Supraoptimal temperature (SOT) suppresses the completion of seed germination (termed thermoinhibition) to ensure seedling establishment under favorable environmental conditions. SOMNUS (SOM) plays a crucial role in suppressing seed germination completion under SOT, although the underlying regulatory mechanism governing this process remains elusive. In this study, we identified that a bHLH transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) directly binds to the promoter region of SOM, thereby activating its expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Bot
July 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom.
Relative embryo size (embyo:seed length ratio) is a key trait in which the internal morphology of mature seeds differs. It has shaped the angiosperm history at major evolutionary and climatic events, but its adaptive significance and role in dormancy are unknown. We investigated Apium graveolens (celery) morphologically dormant (MD) fruits, which have underdeveloped (small) embryos embedded in abundant endosperm tissue, for their mechanisms in response to non-optimal colder and warmer temperatures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
Thermoinhibition, the suppression of seed germination by high temperatures, is an adaptive trait that ensures successful seedling establishment in natural environments. While beneficial for wild plants, thermoinhibition can adversely affect crop yields due to uneven and reduced germination rates, particularly in the face of climate change. To understand the genetic basis of thermoinhibition, we conducted a comprehensive genetic analysis of a diverse panel of Lactuca spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America.
Seed germination is critical to agricultural productivity because low germination rates and/or asynchronous germination negatively affect stand establishment and subsequent yields. Exposure to high temperatures during seed imbibition can decrease both germination synchrony and rates through an ABA-mediated process called thermoinhibition. Methods to reduce thermoinhibition would be agriculturally valuable, particularly with increasing global mean temperatures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew Phytol
February 2025
Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) is a critical regulator of seed dormancy and seed thermoinhibition. However, how DOG1 expression is regulated by post-translational modifications and how seeds transmit the high-temperature signal to DOG1 remain largely unknown. ALFIN1-like 6/7 (AL6/7) was previously found to repress DOG1 expression during seed imbibition.
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