Application of photocrosslinkable hydrogels based on photolithography 3D bioprinting technology in bone tissue engineering.

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has been proven to be an effective method for the treatment of bone defects caused by different musculoskeletal disorders. Photocrosslinkable hydrogels (PCHs) with good biocompatibility and biodegradability can significantly promote the migration, proliferation and differentiation of cells and have been widely used in BTE. Moreover, photolithography 3D bioprinting technology can notably help PCHs-based scaffolds possess a biomimetic structure of natural bone, meeting the structural requirements of bone regeneration. Nanomaterials, cells, drugs and cytokines added into bioinks can enable different functionalization strategies for scaffolds to achieve the desired properties required for BTE. In this review, we demonstrate a brief introduction of the advantages of PCHs and photolithography-based 3D bioprinting technology and summarize their applications in BTE. Finally, the challenges and potential future approaches for bone defects are outlined.