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From 2016 to 2021, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Trials Network funded by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke initiated ten multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials. Optimal subject randomization designs are demanded with 4 critical properties: (1) protection of treatment assignment randomness, (2) achievement of the desired treatment allocation ratio, (3) balancing of baseline covariates, and (4) ease of implementation. For acute stroke trials, it is necessary to minimize the time between eligibility assessment and treatment initiation. This article reviews the randomization designs for 3 trials currently enrolling in Stroke Trials Network funded by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the SATURN (Statins in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial), the MOST (Multiarm Optimization of Stroke Thrombolysis Trial), and the FASTEST (Recombinant Factor VIIa for Hemorrhagic Stroke Trial). Randomization methods utilized in these trials include minimal sufficient balance, block urn design, big stick design, and step-forward randomization. Their advantages and limitations are reviewed and compared with traditional stratified permuted block design and minimization.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.040743 | DOI Listing |
Brain Dev
September 2025
Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
Objective: To compare parenting stress between parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities (DDs) and to examine ASD's influence on parenting stress through mediation analysis.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 48 children with ASD (ASD group) and 77 with non-ASD DDs (non-ASD group), along with one of their parents, at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital between May 2021 and August 2024. All underwent developmental assessments and completed the Korean version of the Parenting Stress Index-4 and the Child Interactive Behavior Test (CIBT).
Anim Reprod Sci
September 2025
Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58185, Sweden.
Embryo transfer (ET) is a valuable reproductive technology in pigs, albeit its efficiency remains significantly lower than that of natural mating or artificial insemination (AI), owing to high embryonic death rates. Critical for embryo survival and pregnancy success is the placenta, which supports conceptus development through nutrient exchange, hormone production, and immune modulation. Alterations in placental development and function may therefore underlie the reduced efficiency of ET.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Law Psychiatry
September 2025
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Regional forensic psychiatric clinic Sala, Sala, Sweden. Electronic address:
In many countries little is known about the attitudes and ethical beliefs of practicing psychiatrists towards the use of coercive practices. This is true as regards Russia where coercion was used for political purposes during the Soviet period. However, substantial changes have occurred in the psychiatric system in recent decades with a focus on patients' rights and the idea of consent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Econ Entomol
September 2025
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
The ability of parasitoid wasps to precisely locate hosts in complex environments is a key factor in suppressing pest populations. Chemical communication plays an essential role in mediating insect behaviors such as locating food sources, hosts, and mates. Odorant receptors (ORs) are the key connection between external odors and olfactory nerves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Econ Entomol
September 2025
Department of Entomology and Nematology, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC), University of Florida/IFAS, Immokalee, FL, USA.
The Citrus Under Protective Screen is a novel production system implemented to grow citrus free of huanglongbing disease vectored by Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. Other significant pests such as mites, scales, thrips, mealybugs, and leafminers, as well as parasitoids and small predators, have been identified from Citrus Under Protective Screen and require management. Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.
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