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The recent discovery of metal-metal bonding and valence delocalization in the dilanthanide complexes (Cp)LnI (Cp = pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl; Ln = Y, Gd, Tb, Dy) opened up the prospect of harnessing the 4f5d electron configurations of non-traditional divalent lanthanide ions to access molecules with novel bonding motifs and magnetism. Here, we report the trinuclear mixed-valence clusters (Cp)LnHI (, Ln = Y, Gd), which were synthesized via potassium graphite reduction of the trivalent clusters (Cp)LnHI. Structural, computational, and spectroscopic analyses support valence delocalization in resulting from a three-center, one-electron σ bond formed from the 4d and 5d orbitals on Y and Gd, respectively. Dc magnetic susceptibility data obtained for reveal that valence delocalization engenders strong parallel alignment of the σ-bonding electron and the 4f electrons of each gadolinium center to afford a high-spin ground state of = 11. Notably, this represents the first clear instance of metal-metal bonding in a molecular trilanthanide complex, and the large spin-spin exchange constant of = 168(1) cm determined for is only the second largest coupling constant characterized to date for a molecular lanthanide compound.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c00182 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
August 2025
MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-carbon Chem & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China.
As a cathode material for alkaline Zn batteries, Ni(OH) shows limited capacity and efficiency due to its single-electron transfer per redox site and the side reaction of oxygen evolution during charge-discharge processes. Here, we report an electrode material featuring an ultrathin NiCo-LDH layer coated on hollow carbon shell (NC@HCS). Incorporating Co into the lattice affects the conformation and band structure of adjacent Ni sites via CoO octahedral distortion, leading to the formation of charge-transfer orbitals through electron delocalization near the Fermi level, which significantly reduces the oxidation potential of Ni(OH).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
August 2025
The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P. R. China.
Multinuclear copper centers play a crucial role in biological electron transfer processes, with the CuA site in cytochrome oxidase and nitrous oxide reductase exemplifying efficient mixed-valence copper cycling. However, the challenges of mimicking these biological systems for multielectron catalysis, such as nitrite reduction to ammonia, remain largely underexplored. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of a stable, mixed-valent linear Cu cluster coordinated by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
July 2025
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
Iron-sulfur clusters fulfill numerous roles throughout biology. The reduced [2Fe-2S] cluster offers unique electronic and magnetic properties due to its mixed-valent nature and can serve as an essential model for understanding electron transfer, electron delocalization, and accessible spin states not only in mixed-valent dimers, but potentially larger iron sulfur clusters. Recently a series of mixed-valent diiron dichalcogenide complexes [LFeQ] (Q = S (1), Se (2), Te (3), L = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl β-diketiminate ligand) were synthesized and characterized, where complex 1 showed a typical S = 1/2 spin state, while complexes 2 and 3 exhibited intermediate S = 3/2 spin states, potentially enabled by the minimization of vibronic coupling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.
Well-defined photogenerated molecular spin systems have potential utility in spintronics and quantum information science (QIS). Because molecular magnetic, optical, and electronic properties can be controlled by design, diverse spin systems can be prepared at modest temperatures. Photogenerated molecular spin systems often involve states prepared from the interaction of excitons and charges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
July 2025
Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States.
Strict control of both crystallographic orientation and band structure is crucial in realizing future high performing semiconducting microelectronic devices based on 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Due to the insoluble nature from extensive aromaticity, processing of these materials into well-ordered, highly crystalline thin films presents a great challenge. In this work, a strategy to enable controlled covalent doping of imine COF thin films with thiophene linkers is presented.
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