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Although the division of the piriformis muscle by the sciatic nerve or its branches is fairly common, other anatomical variations of this muscle are relatively uncommon. Here, we present a cadaveric case found to have an atypical composition of the piriformis muscle. During the routine dissection of the right gluteal region in an adult male cadaver, an unusual finding of the piriformis muscle was observed. Three distinct heads of the muscle were identified. In addition, one of these heads split the common fibular nerve. The anatomy and relationships of this case are presented here. Any variation in neurovasculature and musculature can be relevant for diagnosing or surgically intervening in the gluteal region. The present case is apparently unique and of archival value.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10038028 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.35302 | DOI Listing |
Pain Manag
September 2025
Serviço de Reabilitação de Adultos 3, Centro de Medicina de Reabilitação de Alcoitão, Alcabideche, Portugal.
Pudendal neuropathy is a cause of pelvic pain, specifically pudendal neuralgia. The pudendal nerve is related to sensory, motor, and autonomic functions. We present the case of a 41-year-old man who suffered from chronic pelvic pain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Med (Lausanne)
August 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
In the complex pathological context of mixed pain, where nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic mechanisms coexist and interact, we present an innovative diagnostic and therapeutic model for refractory chronic scrotal pain (CSP) in a 49-year-old man. The pain originated from pudendal nerve entrapment secondary to piriformis scarring. Comprehensive evaluation revealed mixed pain mechanisms: neuropathic (lancinating pain, S2-S4 dermatomal hypoesthesia, and MRI-confirmed nerve compression), nociceptive (MRI-documented proven inflammation and mechanical stress exacerbation), and nociplastic (central sensitization with prolonged pain duration and psychological comorbidities).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMorphologie
August 2025
Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. Electronic address:
Variations of inferior gluteal nerve are very rare. Knowledge of its variations is of importance in plastic surgery and orthopedic surgery procedures of hip. We report a unique variation of inferior gluteal nerve.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurol
July 2025
Department of Anatomy, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Background: Sciatic nerve gives off branches that supply the back of the thigh, leg, and foot. Classically, this nerve emerges from the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle and subsequently divides into the common fibular and tibial nerves in the distal third of the posterior thigh. However, the course of the sciatic nerve varies among individuals, potentially resulting in nerve compressions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPiriformis syndrome is an extrapelvic compression of the sciatic nerve at the infrapiriformis canal. Recently, this condition has been included with other extrapelvic sciatic compression syndromes under the term deep gluteal syndrome. Patients usually present with posterior gluteal pain irradiated to the posterior thigh, which frequently is triggered or exacerbated by sitting over long periods of time (30 minutes or longer).
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