Comparison of maxillary anterior tooth movement between Invisalign and fixed appliances.

Introduction: This research project aimed to compare the number of maxillary incisors and canine movement between Invisalign and fixed orthodontic appliances using artificial intelligence and identify any limitations of Invisalign.

Methods: Sixty patients (Invisalign, n = 30; braces, n = 30) were randomly selected from the Ohio State University Graduate Orthodontic Clinic archive. Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) analysis was used to indicate the severity of the patients in both groups. To analyze the incisors and canine movement, specific landmarks were identified on incisors and canines using an artificial intelligence framework, two-stage mesh deep learning. Total average tooth movement in the maxilla and individual (incisors and canine) tooth movement in 6 directions (buccolingual, mesiodistal, vertical, tipping, torque, rotation) were then analyzed at a significance level of α = 0.05.

Results: Based on the posttreatment Peer Assessment Rating scores, the quality of finished patients in both groups was similar. In maxillary incisors and canines, there was a significant difference in movement between Invisalign and conventional appliances for all 6 movement directions (P <0.05). The greatest differences were with rotation and tipping of the maxillary canine, along with incisor and canine torque. The smallest statistical differences observed for incisors and canines were crown translational tooth movement in the mesiodistal and buccolingual directions.

Conclusions: When comparing fixed orthodontic appliances to Invisalign, patients treated with fixed appliances were found to have significantly more maxillary tooth movement in all directions, especially with rotation and tipping of the maxillary canine.