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Polymorphs, crystals with different structure and properties but the same molecular composition, arise from the subtle interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics during crystallisation. In this opinion piece, the authors review the latest developments in the field of polymorphism and discuss standing open questions.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9814471 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42004-020-00388-9 | DOI Listing |
JB JS Open Access
September 2025
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
Background: The use of artificial intelligence platforms by medical residents as an educational resource is increasing. Within orthopaedic surgery, older Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) models performed worse than resident physicians on practice examinations and rarely answered questions with images correctly. The newer ChatGPT-4o was designed to improve these deficiencies but has not been evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Reprod Open
August 2025
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Study Question: Do social determinants of health (SDoH) influence the age at menopause among women?
Summary Answer: In our study, adverse SDoH, particularly family low income-to-poverty ratio (PIR), low education level, and the marital status of being widowed, are associated with earlier age at menopause.
What Is Known Already: Some prior studies have considered certain SDoH variables (such as educational attainment and marital status) as potential factors influencing age at menopause, but systematic evidence clearly defining the relationship between multidimensional SDoH and menopausal age remains lacking.
Study Design Size Duration: This cross-sectional analysis included 6083 naturally menopausal women from 10 cycles (1999-2018) of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and excluded cases of surgical menopause.
RSC Chem Biol
September 2025
Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA.
The bacterial DNA damage (SOS) response promotes DNA repair, DNA damage tolerance, and survival in the setting of genotoxic stress, including stress induced by antibiotics. In , translesion DNA synthesis can be fulfilled by Y-family DNA polymerases, including DNA polymerase IV (DinB). DinB features a more open active site and lacks proofreading ability, promoting error-prone replication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurosci
August 2025
Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China.
Hypocretin, also known as orexin, is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates essential physiological processes including arousal, energy metabolism, feeding behavior, and emotional states. Through widespread projections and two G-protein-coupled receptors-HCRT-1R and HCRT-2R-the hypocretin system exerts diverse modulatory effects across the central nervous system. The role of hypocretin in maintaining wakefulness is well established, particularly in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), where loss of hypocretin neurons leads to excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Rehabil Med Clin Commun
September 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Western University, London, Canada.
Objective: People who have experienced stroke are at a high risk for falls, fractures, and osteoporosis. Bone health post-stroke is often overlooked. The goal of this study was to understand current practice perspectives and barriers to bone health care post-stroke among physiatrists.
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