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Aim: To present the development, evaluation and adaptation of the PAIN-Neo theory.
Design: Theory development.
Data Sources: A review of literature was conduct from 1980 to 2021.
Results: Using a critical realism paradigm, this paper presents the PAIN-Neo theory, which was developed from an analysis of existing theoretical perspectives on paediatric procedural pain, empirical studies conducted with preterm infants, and the research team's pain management expertise. The theory was then empirically tested and fine-tuned.
Implications For Nursing: The PAIN-Neo theory highlights that the neonatal nurse is part of a larger picture as she is influenced by factors related to her unit, hospital and country of practice. This theory emphasizes the importance of parental involvement in pain management, which is consistent with family-centred nursing practices.
Conclusion: The PAIN-Neo theory reflects the complexity of pain management nursing. This theory is innovative and specific enough to guide practice, structure research projects and contribute to the body of knowledge in the discipline of nursing.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jan.15525 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
August 2025
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna.
Background: Gastric cancer epidemiology evolved rapidly in the last century, shifting from being one of the main causes of cancer-related death to the sixth in high-income countries.
Methods: We conducted a narrative review on gastric cancer epidemiology. Our review focused on trends of gastric cancer and its relationship with Helicobacter pylori infection; cardia and noncardia gastric cancer risk factors; early onset gastric cancer; second primary cancers in patients with gastric cancer; and implementation of gastric cancer prevention strategies.
Pain Med Case Rep
December 2023
University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL.
Background: An intrathecal (IT) pump is an effective drug delivery system that assists patients with chronic pain management. However, due to the invasive nature of the procedure, a complication that could arise is cerebrospinal overdrainage or leak, which could lead to adverse effects.
Case Report: The patient underwent an IT morphine pump implant for treatment of his chronic, intractable low back pain.
Pain Med Case Rep
December 2023
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a minimally invasive neuromodulation treatment modality primarily used for failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), complex regional pain syndrome, and diabetic neuropathy. Specifically, when utilized for the treatment of FBSS, placement can be complicated by the excessive scarring, adhesions, and altered anatomy limiting the access to the epidural space and advancement of the leads.
Case Report: Our patient is a 58-year-old woman with a history of scoliosis and severe lumbar spinal stenosis who presented for trial of an SCS for FBSS.
Pain Med Case Rep
November 2023
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a minimally invasive neuromodulation treatment modality primarily indicated for failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). When FBSS occurs in the setting of spinal cord injury (SCI) it can often be refractory to treatment with opioids and anticonvulsants; in such cases, SCS has demonstrated promising results. Here, we present a case series of 2 patients with FBSS in the setting of SCI who received pain relief with SCS therapy.
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November 2023
Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey.
Background: Nerve injury is a common complication of intramuscular (im) injection and the sciatic nerve (SN) is the most frequently affected nerve. Pain management in neuropathic pain due to sciatic injury is challenging.
Case Report: A 66-year-old man admitted with neuropathic pain in his right leg.