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Since adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is closely related to many diseases, the measurement of AMP is important for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Among the AMP sensors reported thus far, sensors that selectively recognize AMP, not ADP or ATP, are rare, and complex experimental procedures and additional instruments are required for AMP recognition. We developed a colorimetric chemosensor using calix[6]triazolium (CT6) and intended to use it for the simple and rapid detection of AMP. Colorimetric AMP detection was established through an indicator displacement assay (IDA) in which CT6 and Brooker's merocyanine (BM) were used as receptors and indicators, respectively. The change in the absorption spectrum and color of BM showed that the binding affinity of CT6 to AMP conferred high selectivity to the developed colorimetric chemosensor. The developed IDA-based chemosensor was extended to fabricate a paper-based colorimetric device for visual measurement, and the paper-based device exhibited a selective response to AMP through a definite color change from yellow to magenta. This paper-based colorimetric device shows growth potential for onsite visual measurement of AMP.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra05987h | DOI Listing |
Immunol Cell Biol
September 2025
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
The immune system uses a variety of DNA sensors, including endo-lysosomal Toll-like receptors 9 (TLR9) and cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). These sensors activate immune responses by inducing the production of a variety of cytokines, including type I interferons (IFN). Activation of cGAS requires DNA-cGAS interaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Res Toxicol
September 2025
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor with limited therapeutic options. Temozolomide (TMZ), a standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agent, exerts its cytotoxicity by alkylating DNA, which triggers a DNA damage response and depletes ATP and NAD. However, TMZ also releases the byproduct 4-amino-5-imidazole carboxamide (AIC), which is believed to be a benign metabolite.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Hum Genet
September 2025
Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, UK. Electronic address:
Multiplex assays of variant effect (MAVEs) provide promising new sources of functional evidence, potentially empowering improved classification of germline genomic variants, particularly rare missense variants, which are commonly assigned as variants of uncertain significance (VUSs). However, paradoxically, quantification of clinically applicable evidence strengths for MAVEs requires construction of "truthsets" comprising missense variants already robustly classified as pathogenic and benign. In this study, we demonstrate how benign truthset size is the primary driver of applicable functional evidence toward pathogenicity (PS3).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Food Microbiol
September 2025
College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China. Electronic address:
Raw milk is commonly stored at 4 °C prior to processing, a practice that can facilitate psychrotrophic proliferation, and milk physicochemical alterations and quality deterioration. This study aimed to elucidate the dynamic changes and interrelationships among microbiota, physicochemical parameters, and metabolite profiles in raw bovine and goat milk during refrigerated storage at 4 °C over a 5-day period. The results showed that both bovine and goat milk exhibited significant increases in bacterial counts, titratable acidity, zeta potential, and protein particle size, alongside decreases in pH and lipid particle size, as well as changes in color during refrigerated storage at 4 °C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Urol
September 2025
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Purpose: To evaluate the impact of MRP inhibition by MK571 on prostate hypercontractility in diet-induced obesity, based on the hypothesis that this intervention enhances intracellular cAMP and cGMP signaling.
Methods: Adult C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: (i) lean, (ii) obese, and (iii) obese + MK571 (5 mg/kg/day, 14 days). The prostate was isolated for immunohistochemistry, biochemistry and functional assays.