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Dementia spectrum disorders (DSDs) are a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. DSDs encompass a large group of medical conditions that all ultimately lead to major functional and cognitive decline and disability. Demographic and comorbid conditions that are associated with DSDs have significant prognostic and preventive implications. In this article, we will discuss the global and regional burden of DSDs and cover key demographic and clinical conditions linked with DSDs. In the absence of disease-modifying treatments, the role of primary prevention has become more prominent. Implementation of preventive measures requires an understanding of predisposing and exacerbating factors.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2022.07.001 | DOI Listing |
J Integr Neurosci
August 2025
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Cognitive impairment represents a progressive neurodegenerative condition with severity ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia and exerts significant burdens on both individuals and healthcare systems. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) represents a heterogeneous clinical continuum, spanning a spectrum from subcortical ischemic VCI (featuring small vessel disease, white matter lesions, and lacunar infarcts) to mixed dementia, where vascular and Alzheimer's-type pathologies coexist. While traditionally linked to macro- and microvascular dysfunction, the mechanisms underlying VCI remain complex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Neuropharmacol
August 2025
Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Introduction: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the third most frequent dementia and the leading dementia subtype in individuals under 65. The discovery of C9orf72 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 72) GGGGCC abnormal expansion is a major genetic cause of both FTD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), linking these diseases along a clinicopathological spectrum. This study aimed to depict the research landscape of C9orf72 in FTD over the past decade, track emerging research hotspots, and provide insights into under-researched areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCNS Neurosci Ther
September 2025
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Introduction: The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), a complex two-way connection between the gut microbiota and the brain, has become a key regulator of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurological disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis are linked to these diseases. Changes in gut microbiota can lead to neurotransmitter imbalances, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain
September 2025
Dementia Research Centre, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) are subtypes of Lewy body dementia, and are considered two ends of a disease spectrum. However, conventional MRI neuroimaging, mainly focussed on grey matter volume and thickness, has failed to establish whether underlying processes differ between them. Understanding these differences could enable targeted and subtype-specific treatments to be developed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Alzheimers Dis
September 2025
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
BackgroundThe progression of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) leads to cognitive decline, which can be categorized into subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and vascular dementia (VaD).ObjectiveThis research aimed to examine the structural changes in gray (GM) and white matter (WM) in the brain across the disease spectrum.MethodsA total of 30 healthy controls (HC), 26 individuals with svMCI, and 29 individuals with VaD were included in study.
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