Article Synopsis
- The relationship between diet, the gut microbiome, and overall health is intricate, with healthy diets typically being high in fiber, healthy fats, and polyphenols, while low in unhealthy fats and refined carbs.
- The rise of high-calorie, ultraprocessed foods in Western diets has contributed to health issues like obesity and heart disease.
- The gut microbiome plays a significant role in how diet affects health by producing metabolites that influence health outcomes, and this review highlights how dietary choices can both promote health and increase disease risk, as well as serve as treatment options.
Video Abstracts
Category Ranking
98%
Total Visits
921
Avg Visit Duration
2 minutes
Citations
20
Article Abstract
The interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health is complex. Diets associated with health have many similarities: high fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols while being low in saturated fats, sodium, and refined carbohydrates. Over the past several decades, dietary patterns have changed significantly in Westernized nations with the increased consumption of calorically dense ultraprocessed foods low in fiber and high in saturated fats, salt, and refined carbohydrates, leading to numerous negative health consequences including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiota is an environmental factor that interacts with diet and may also have an impact on health outcomes, many of which involve metabolites produced by the microbiota from dietary components that can impact the host. This review focuses on our current understanding of the complex relationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and host health, with examples of how diet can support health, increase an individual's risk for disease, and be used as a therapy for specific diseases.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-092054 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Preparation and Characterization of Polysaccharides From Grifola frondosa and Their Human Intestinal Flora-modulating Effect.
Chem Biodivers
September 2025
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
A novel and efficient hydrogen peroxide/ascorbic acid-assisted extraction method for the preparation of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide (GFP) was developed, and two GFP fractions (GFP-H and GFP-L) with different molecular weights (Mws) were obtained by separation with ultrafiltration. Both high Mw component (GFP-H, Mw 396.4 kDa) and low Mw component (GFP-L, Mw 12.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytotoxic CX3CR1+ Vδ1 T cells clonally expand in an interplay of CMV, microbiota, and HIV-1 persistence in people on antiretroviral therapy.
PLoS Pathog
September 2025
INSERM UMR 1291, CNRS UMR 5051, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Toulouse, France.
Vδ1 γδ T cells are key players in innate and adaptive immunity, particularly at mucosal interfaces such as the gut. An increase in circulating Vδ1 cells has long been observed in people with HIV-1, but remains poorly understood. We performed a comprehensive characterization of Vδ1 T cells in blood and duodenal intra-epithelial lymphocytes, obtained from endoscopic mucosal biopsies of 15 people with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy and 15 HIV-seronegative controls, in a substudy of the ANRS EP61 GALT study (NCT02906137).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCirculating metabolites in patients with chronic heart failure are not related to gut leakage or gut dysbiosis.
PLoS One
September 2025
Department of Cardiology Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Background: The gut microbiota produces numerous metabolites that can enter the circulation and exert effects outside the gut. Several studies have reported altered gut microbiota composition and circulating metabolites in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) compared to healthy controls. Limited data is available on the interplay between dysbiotic features of the gut microbiota and altered circulating metabolites in HF patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of yeast beta-1,3/1,6-glucans on nutrient digestibility, intestinal functionality, and immune and antioxidant variables in growing dogs submitted to spay or neutering surgery.
PLoS One
September 2025
Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
This study aimed to assess the impact of yeast beta-1,3/1,6-glucans (BG) on apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients, intestinal fermentative metabolites, fecal microbiota profile, and immune and antioxidant variables in puppies before and after surgical challenge. Two treatments were evaluated: control, without, and test, with oral supplementation of 65 mg/kg body weight/day of purified BG from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 120 days. For this, 16 growing Beagle dogs were distributed in a completely randomized design (n = 8/treatment).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargeting the gut-liver axis with dietary polyphenols to ameliorate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: advances in molecular mechanisms.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
September 2025
Hunan Key Laboratory of Deep Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a condition that results from metabolic disorders. In addition to genetic factors, irregular and high-energy diets may also significantly contribute to its pathogenesis. Dietary habits can profoundly alter the composition of gut microbiota and metabolites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF