Human oncogenic viruses: an overview of protein biomarkers in viral cancers and their potential use in clinics.

Expert Rev Anticancer Ther

Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Published: November 2022


Category Ranking

98%

Total Visits

921

Avg Visit Duration

2 minutes

Citations

20

Article Abstract

Introduction: Although the idea that carcinogenesis might be caused by viruses was first voiced about 100 years ago, today's data disappointingly show that we have not made much progress in preventing and/or treating viral cancers in a century. According to recent studies, infections are responsible for approximately 13% of cancer development in the world. Today, it is accepted and proven by many authorities that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV1) and highly oncogenic Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause or/and contribute to cancer development in humans.

Areas Covered: Considering the insufficient prevention and/or treatment strategies for viral cancers, in this review we present the current knowledge on protein biomarkers of oncogenic viruses. In addition, we aimed to decipher their potential for clinical use by evaluating whether the proposed biomarkers are expressed in body fluids, are druggable, and act as tumor suppressors or oncoproteins.

Expert Opinion: Consequently, we believe that this review will shed light on researchers and provide a guide to find remarkable solutions for the prevention and/or treatment of viral cancers.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14737140.2022.2139681DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

viral cancers
16
oncogenic viruses
8
protein biomarkers
8
cancer development
8
hepatitis virus
8
prevention and/or
8
and/or treatment
8
human
4
human oncogenic
4
viruses overview
4

Similar Publications

An estimated 254 million people live with hepatitis B worldwide, with only 13% of people diagnosed and 3% receiving antiviral treatment. Without timely treatment, people with hepatitis B risk developing liver damage and liver cancer. In countries like Australia, where most people with hepatitis B are born in countries with higher prevalence, it is important that the knowledge and perceptions of hepatitis B in immigrant populations are explored to improve engagement in care.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Functional synapses between neurons and small cell lung cancer.

Nature

September 2025

Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive type of lung cancer, characterized by rapid proliferation, early metastatic spread, frequent early relapse and a high mortality rate. Recent evidence has suggested that innervation has an important role in the development and progression of several types of cancer. Cancer-to-neuron synapses have been reported in gliomas, but whether peripheral tumours can form such structures is unknown.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Evaluation of in vivo target cell elimination by antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Methods Cell Biol

September 2025

Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT), São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

The pivotal role of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing of target cells in vivo continues to be underscored by emerging research. CTLs are antigen-specific effector CD8 + T lymphocytes that serve as adaptive defenders against a myriad of threats, including viral infections, cancerous cells, and other pathogenic invaders. In vivo CTL killing assays contemplate the interaction of effector and target cells in the context of a proper microenvironment, making the analysis biologically more relevant than in vitro assays.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Advances in nanopore direct RNA sequencing and its impact on biological research.

Biotechnol Adv

September 2025

Key Laboratory of Microbiological Metrology, Measurement & Bio-product Quality Security, State Administration for Market Regulation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China. Electronic address:

Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS) is a transformative technology that enables full-length, single-molecule sequencing of native RNA, capturing transcript isoforms and preserving epitranscriptomic modifications without cDNA conversion. This review outlines key advances in DRS, including optimized protocols for mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, circRNA, and viral RNA, as well as analytical tools for isoform quantification, poly(A) tail measurement, fusion transcript identification, and base modification profiling. We highlight how DRS has redefined transcriptomic studies across diverse systems-from uncovering novel transcripts and alternative splicing events in cancer, plants, and parasites to enabling the direct detection of m6A, m5C, pseudouridine, and RNA editing events.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: Aim: To consider the specific activity of drops and suppositories of PROTEFLAZID® at the stage of preclinical study, to assess the effectiveness and safety of use in clinical practice in papillomavirus-associated diseases of the female reproductive system..

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: Analysis of scientific publications on the treatment of palilomavirus infection with PROTEFLAZID® in women over the past decade.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF