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The purpose of the study was to carry out an immunophenotypical characterization with a special focus on natural killer cells of junior swimmers from the Hungarian National Swim Team before and after an intensive acute exercise. Nineteen swimmers, ten females and nine males, completed the exercise protocol. Sixteen swimmers experienced delayed-onset muscle soreness. Most of our findings substantiated earlier results, such as the increase in the percentage of the CD3/CD56 natural killer cells and the CD3/CD56 NK cells, and the decrease in the percentage of CD3 T cells among lymphocytes after the exercise protocol. The drop of natural killer cell activity back to the pre-exercise level was in line with earlier findings. Interestingly, the percentage of CD3/CD56 NKT-like cells did not change significantly in those three swimmers who did not report delayed-onset muscle soreness. On the contrary, the percentage of CD3/CD56 NKT-like cells among lymphocytes increased in fourteen and decreased in two swimmers reporting delayed-onset muscle soreness. This study for the first time demonstrated a link between the delayed-onset muscle soreness and the imbalanced control of CD3/CD56 NKT-like cells among lymphocytes. However, validation of this association in a larger sample size study will be necessary.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911117 | DOI Listing |
Int J Exerc Sci
September 2025
Kinesiology and Sport Department, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA.
Blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with exercise has been shown to enhance muscle hypertrophy, strength, and aerobic capacity. While previous studies have evaluated the use of BFR among various practitioners, none have investigated its use exclusively among licensed U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ AAPOS
August 2025
Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China. Electronic
We report a rare case of restrictive strabismus in a pediatric patient who was initially misdiagnosed with Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) because she had large-angle exotropia, restricted adduction, globe retraction, narrowing of the palpebral fissure, and downshoot on attempted adduction. Notably, the parents first observed strabismus at 12 months of age, with photographs taken before 6 months of age revealing no ocular misalignment. Despite the absence of typical inflammatory signs, the temporal discrepancy, characterized by delayed onset inconsistent with congenital DRS, prompted further investigation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife (Basel)
July 2025
Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China.
Cold-water immersion (CWI), as a common recovery method, has been widely used in the field of post-exercise fatigue recovery. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic scientific evaluation of the combined effects of cold-water immersion combined with other therapies (CWI + Other). The aim of this study was to compare the effects of CWI and CWI + Other in post-exercise fatigue recovery and to explore the potential benefits of CWI + Other.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSports (Basel)
August 2025
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18101 Niš, Serbia.
The application of natural juices in sports nutrition is attracting growing interest due to their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ergogenic properties. Exercise, especially when prolonged or intense, increases oxidative stress and muscle damage, leading athletes to explore dietary strategies that support recovery and enhance performance. This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of five widely studied juices-beetroot, pomegranate, cherry, watermelon, and pickle juice-in the context of athletic supplementation and recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSports (Basel)
August 2025
Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary.
Heart rate variability (HRV) is often modulated by pain; therefore, the objective of this study was to assess whether the induction of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is already affected by HRV alterations during exercise, in spite of the fact that pain evolves only post-exercise. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to induce DOMS in this study on 19 young male elite handball players who were subjected to HRV measurements throughout a DOMS-inducing exercise session. The result of this study indicated that the heart rate (HR) dependence of time-frequency domain parameters could be described by an exponential-like function, while entropy showed a V-shaped function, with a minimum "turning point" separated by descending and ascending intervals.
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