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Feeding disorders and gastrostomy use are highly prevalent in children with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) due to both common risk factors (eg, prematurity, neurological disorders) and resultant experiential deprivation (eg, long hospitalizations, delayed feeding experiences). Feeding in children with IMV is complicated by the presence of a tracheostomy, lung vulnerability, and medical complexity. The potential comorbidity of swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) and atypical early feeding experiences can result in complex feeding disorders. In this review of pediatric feeding disorders in children with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), we identify gaps in clinical translational research for this patient population and opportunities for improving evidence-based management. To improve long-term feeding outcomes and maximize oral feeding in this vulnerable population, children would benefit from earlier feeding opportunities during critical developmental windows, standardized protocols for advancing oral feeding, and involvement of intensive, comprehensive therapies throughout hospitalizations and early childhood. .
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20220504-05 | DOI Listing |
Front Neurosci
August 2025
Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China.
Hypocretin, also known as orexin, is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates essential physiological processes including arousal, energy metabolism, feeding behavior, and emotional states. Through widespread projections and two G-protein-coupled receptors-HCRT-1R and HCRT-2R-the hypocretin system exerts diverse modulatory effects across the central nervous system. The role of hypocretin in maintaining wakefulness is well established, particularly in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), where loss of hypocretin neurons leads to excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) characterized by defects in the synthesis and modification of glycoproteins and glycolipids. One of these disorders is ATP6AP1-CDG, a rare X-linked disease with approximately 30 cases reported so far. Symptoms associated with ATP6AP1-CDG include immunodeficiency, liver dysfunction, and neurological manifestations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Public Health
September 2025
Integrated Care Management Center, Outpatient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the temporal trends in the incidence and prevalence of anorexia nervosa (AN) in China from 1992 to 2021, focusing on age, period, and cohort effects, in order to provide evidence for the prevention and control of anxiety-related disorders.
Methods: Data on the incidence and prevalence of anorexia nervosa in China were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to assess trends over time, while an age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to estimate the net effects of age, period, and cohort variables.
Drug Deliv
December 2025
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Obesity is a global health crisis strongly linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other metabolic disorders. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has emerged as an effective macromolecular therapeutic agent for weight management. This study addressed obesity management from three distinct perspectives: enhancing drug dispersion and bioavailability through a novel drug delivery device, extending drug half-life by developing sustained-release formulations, and sustaining the weight loss through implementation of structured dietary protocols.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anat
September 2025
Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
Vertebrates exhibit remarkable morphological diversity, with the head representing an exceptionally complex anatomical structure shaped by adaptations to feeding ecology, brain size, and sensory organ specialization. Proper fusion of facial prominences and the coordinated growth of the skull and brain are essential for normal craniofacial development in vertebrates, including humans. Disruptions in these processes, whether due to gene mutations or external factors, can result in craniofacial malformations.
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