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The biohydrogen production from algal biomass could ensure hydrogen's sustainability as a fuel option at the industrial level. However, some bottlenecks still need to be overcome to achieve the process's economic feasibility. This review article highlights the potential of algal biomasses for producing hydrogen with a detailed explanation of various mechanisms and enzymes involved in the production processes. Further, it discusses the impact of various experimental parameters on biohydrogen production. This article also analyses the significant challenges confronted during the overall biohydrogen production process and comprehends the recent strategies adopted to enhance hydrogen productivity. Furthermore, it gives a perception of the economic sustenance of the process. Moreover, this review elucidates the future scope of this technology and delineates the approaches to ensure the viability of hydrogen production.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127514 | DOI Listing |
Bioresour Technol
September 2025
Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Electronic address:
To address the dual challenges of sustainable energy production and agro-industrial waste management, this study presents a novel two-stage biorefinery strategy for the valorization of dairy farm effluent (DFE) using Rhodopseudomonas harwoodiae KKU-NM3/1-2. In Stage 1, an active hydrogen-producing culture was developed using low-cost carbon sources; vinegar was identified as the most cost-effective substrate, yielding 559 mL H/L at 87 % purity and a 7.4-fold cost advantage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioelectrochemistry
February 2026
São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil. Electronic address:
Microbial H production is traditionally restricted by the oxygen sensitivity of hydrogenase enzymes, limiting their effective use to anaerobic environments. In this study, we demonstrate that S. cerevisiae, lacking conventional hydrogenases, exhibits an exceptional ability for H evolution in oxygen-rich conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioresour Technol
August 2025
Advanced Materials Program, Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Biohydrogen production using waste resources and microorganisms was gaining attention as a clean energy alternative that could reduce production cost and environmental pollution. Among waste resources, food wastewater (FW) was especially suitable due to its high lactate content, which supported microbial hydrogen production. However, FW also contained inhibitory compounds that could limit microbial activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroorganisms
August 2025
Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132 Xanthi, Greece.
The citrus processing industry is an economically important agro-industrial sector worldwide; however, it produces significant amounts of waste annually. The biorefinery concept and the recovery of bio-based materials from agro-industrial residues, including citrus processing waste, are emphasized in the European Green Deal, reflecting the EU's commitment to fostering circularity. Biotreatment of citrus processing waste, including bioconversion into biomethane, biohydrogen, bioethanol and biodiesel, has been applied to valorize biomass for energy recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBioengineering (Basel)
July 2025
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has long been valued for producing a biogas-digestate pair, yet its profitability is tightening. Next-generation AD biorefineries now position syngas both as a supplementary feedstock and as a springboard to capture high-value intermediates, hydrogen (H) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). This review dissects how complex natural consortia "decide" between hydrogenogenesis and acetogenesis when CO, H, and CO co-exist in the feedstocks, bridging molecular mechanisms with process-scale levers.
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