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Many modern user interfaces are based on touch, and such sensors are widely used in displays, Internet of Things (IoT) projects, and robotics. From lamps to touchscreens of smartphones, these user interfaces can be found in an array of applications. However, traditional touch sensors are bulky, complicated, inflexible, and difficult-to-wear devices made of stiff materials. The touch screen is gaining further importance with the trend of current IoT technology flexibly and comfortably used on the skin or clothing to affect different aspects of human life. This review presents an updated overview of the recent advances in this area. Exciting advances in various aspects of touch sensing are discussed, with particular focus on materials, manufacturing, enhancements, and applications of flexible wearable sensors. This review further elaborates on the theoretical principles of various types of touch sensors, including resistive, piezoelectric, and capacitive sensors. The traditional and novel hybrid materials and manufacturing technologies of flexible sensors are considered. This review highlights the multidisciplinary applications of flexible touch sensors, such as e-textiles, e-skins, e-control, and e-healthcare. Finally, the obstacles and prospects for future research that are critical to the broader development and adoption of the technology are surveyed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124460 | DOI Listing |
Neuroimage
September 2025
Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
Tactile imagery (TI) engages somatosensory cortices in both hemispheres, along with widespread brain regions associated with the imagery process itself. Actively simulating touch can influence the processing of actual tactile stimuli, as reflected by modulations in somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) components. This study uses high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and sLORETA-based source localization to analyse cortical sources of SEPs components susceptible to active skin sensations imagery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
August 2025
Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
High-density tactile sensor arrays that replicate human touch could restore texture perception in paralyzed individuals. However, conventional tactile sensor arrays face inherent trade-offs between spatial resolution, sensitivity, and crosstalk suppression due to microstructure size limitations and signal interference. To address this, we developed a tactile sensor featuring 10 μm-scale pyramid tips that achieve ultra-high sensitivity (8.
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August 2025
Institute for Mechatronics Engineering and Cyber-Physical Systems (IMECH.UMA), University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
The integration of robotics and mobile networks (5G/6G) through the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) is revolutionizing telemedicine, enabling remote physician participation in scenarios where specialists are scarce, where there is a high risk to them, such as in conflicts or natural disasters, or where access to a medical facility is not possible. Nevertheless, touching a human safely with a robotic arm in non-engineered or even out-of-hospital environments presents substantial challenges. This article presents a novel IoRT approach for healthcare in or from remote areas, enabling interaction between a specialist's hand and a robotic hand.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
August 2025
School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Kingston University, London KT1 2EE, UK.
Utilizing tactile sensors embedded in intelligent mats is an attractive non-intrusive approach for human motion analysis. Interpreting tactile pressure 2D maps for accurate posture estimation poses significant challenges, such as dealing with data sparsity, noise interference, and the complexity of mapping pressure signals. Our approach introduces a novel dual-diffusion signal enhancement (DDSE) architecture that leverages tactile pressure measurements from an intelligent pressure mat for precise prediction of 3D body joint positions, using a diffusion model to enhance pressure data quality and a convolutional-transformer neural network architecture for accurate pose estimation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
August 2025
Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, 30-054 Krakow, Poland.
Integrating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers is a promising approach for developing conductive and multifunctional materials. This study systematically compared two CNT deposition techniques, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and dip coating (DC), in terms of their effectiveness in modifying the surface of aligned electrospun PVDF mats. Morphological characterization revealed that EPD produced more homogeneous and compact CNT coatings.
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