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Background: Escherichia coli is a widely used tool for the over-expression of human proteins for studying structure and function. The toxicity of human proteins for E. coli often hampers the expression. This study aims to find conditions for the expression of a membrane transporter known as the carnitine transporter CT2. The knowledge on this transporter is scarce, thus obtaining the recombinant protein is very important for further studies.
Methods And Results: The cDNAs coding for human CT2 (hCT2) was cloned in the pH6EX3 vector and different transformed E. coli strains were cultured in absence or in presence of glucose. hCT2 expression was obtained. The protein was purified and reconstituted into proteoliposomes in a functionally active state.
Conclusions: Using the appropriate IPTG concentration, together with the addition of glucose, hCT2 has been expressed in E. coli. The protein is active and shows capacity to transport carnitine in proteoliposomes. The results have a great interest in basic biochemistry of membrane transporters and applications to human health since hCT2 is involved in human pathology.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07491-1 | DOI Listing |
Crit Rev Immunol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Dist. Medchal,500078, Telangana State, India.
Caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) is a highly conserved serine protease that plays a pivotal role in protein homeostasis and quality control in bacteria, mitochondria of mammalian cells, and plant chloroplasts. As the proteolytic core of the ATP-dependent Clp protease complex, ClpP partners with regulatory ATPases (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrit Rev Immunol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Dist. Medchal,500078, Telangana State, India.
IL-2 agonists significantly modulate T cell regulation, impacting activation, proliferation, differentiation, and immune homeostasis. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is crucial for T cell growth and function, binding to the IL-2 receptor to trigger signaling pathways that balance immune responses. IL-2 promotes the expansion of effector T cells and enhances regulatory T cells (Tregs), preventing autoimmune responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeural Netw
September 2025
School of Mathematics and Information Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. Electronic address:
This study presents a novel variable gain intermittent boundary control (VGIBC) approach for stabilizing delayed stochastic reaction-diffusion Cohen-Grossberg neural networks (SRDCGNN). In contrast to traditional constant gain intermittent boundary control (CGIBC) methods, the proposed VGIBC framework dynamically adjusts the control gain based on the operational duration within each control cycle, thereby improving adaptability to variations in work interval lengths. The time-varying control gain is designed using a piecewise interpolation method across work intervals, defined by a finite set of static gain matrices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtherosclerosis
September 2025
Department of Cardiothoracic and Macrovascular Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No.26 Chuyuan Avenue, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, 434020, China. Electronic address:
Background And Aims: Aortic dissection (AD) is one of the most dangerous and tricky diseases in the field of cardiovascular surgery, severely affecting public health. Recent studies have found that SUMOylation is linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. However, we know very little about the molecular mechanisms of SUMOylation in AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Res Protoc
September 2025
Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Background: Approximately 69% of Americans with spinal cord injury (SCI) have neuropathic pain. Research suggests that impairments in mental body representations (MBRs; ie, representations of the body in the brain) likely contribute to neuropathic pain. Clinical trials in adults with SCI, focused on restoring MBR, led to improvements in sensation and movement as well as neuropathic pain relief.
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